词汇讲解+配套习题【新教材】牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册全册
词 汇 讲 解 + 配 套 习 题
1. harm vt. & n. 伤害→harmful adj. 伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的 2. length
倍数+the size/length/weight...+of in length在长度上
3. shelter
4. various adj. 各种各样的→vary v. 变化→variety n. 变化;种类→【同】different adj. 不同的，各种各样的→differ v. 不同，相异→difference n. 区别，不同 5. Extinction
6. survive vi. & vt. 生存;挺过(难关)→survival n. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者 7. in turn 反过来，转过来 （1）turn out“结果;证明是” （2）turn around转身;翻转 （3）turn to求助于 （4）turn against与……反目,背叛 （5）turn...away不准……进入 （6）turn in上交;交还 （7）turn over打翻;移交 （8）turn down关小(音量等);拒绝 （9）turn up出现,到场,出席;调大(音量等) 【即时训练】 语境串词
选turn短语的合适形式填空
(1) She refused to ____________ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice but ____________ the police for help.
(2) It ____________ that the conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission ____________ for the sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should ____________ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president ____________. She was so exciting that she ____________ the bottle of water in
front of her. Everyone ____________ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore it was only a coincidence and nothing could ________ her _________ her country.
【参】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn, against.
8. break down 分解；故障 break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等) break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束 break through 突破 【即时训练】
Ⅰ. 语法填空
(1)The students are required to break _________ from these bad habits. (2)It was reported that the fire broke__________during the mid-night.
(3)She broke __________ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
(4)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ________the office during the night. Ⅱ. 完成句子
(5) Let’s break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.
(6) If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
【参】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解 (6 出故障 (7) 身体垮掉 (8) 失败
9. disappear vi. 消失;失踪→disappearance n. 消失→【反】appear vi. 出现→appearance n. 出现
appearance n. 外观；外貌;出现→appear v. 出现；显得【反】disappearance n. 消失→disappear v.消失；失踪
10. due to= as a result of = because of+n. 因为 11. Impact 12. damage
【温馨贴士】damage, destroy和ruin的用法区别
damage:是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等;一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
destroy:常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏,毁坏”,程度较深,强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性;也可用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。
ruin:亦指彻底毁掉,但不是以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏,而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉,强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。
【即时训练】 I. 语境串词
选用ruin、damage、destroy的合适形式填空
(1)When he returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in , which ________ their hope.
(2)The heavy rain the house. The owner wanted to have it repaired in case of ____________ completely the next time.
【参】(1) ruins; ruined (2) damaged; being destroyed II.句型转换
It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holidays.
It rained for two weeks, . (现在分词作状语) 【参】 completely ruining our holidays 13. come up with 想起
1）come down with a disease患病 come down on...责备…… come down to earth回到现实中来 come down to business开始认真工作;言归正传 （2）come up with提出,想到 come up走近;上来;提出;发生;发芽 （3）come forward to help主动提供帮助 （4）come across偶遇; 偶然发现 come on 登台,上场;改进,改善;快点儿,加把劲; (表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧 【即时训练】 语境串词
(1)上个月，我在街上遇到他。他脸上苍白，似乎患病了。我本想主动帮他，但他拒绝了并且立刻消失了。
Last month I him at street. He seemed to a disease with the face pale. I had intended to him, but he turned down and disappeared instantly.
（2）不要仅仅责备玛丽，你也有责任。请回归现实，提出切实可行的措施，认真对待每一个细节。
Don’t just Mary. You’re also to blame for it. Please . some practical measures, and take every detail seriously
【参】 (1) came across; come down with; came forward to help. (2) come down on; come down to earth; come up with
14. application n. 申请，运用
apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用→applied adj. 应用的→application n. 申请(书);应用 →applicant n. 申请人，应聘人
15. Senior 高级别的；年老的 be superior to...比……高明/高级 be superior in在……方面占优势 be inferior to...低于……
be senior to...比……年长/资历深 be junior to...比……年幼/资历浅 superiority n. 优越(性);优势 【温馨贴士】
superior, inferior, senior, junior这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词to。 【即时训练】 I. 单句语法填空
1. (2016浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even __________ (superior).
2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoughts are superior __________ others’.
3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior __________ strength.
【参】 1. superiority 2.to 3. in II. 同义句转换
My brother is three years older than I.
My brother __________ __________ __________ me by three years.
【参】 is senior to
16. Get rid of 拜托，丢弃 get across (sth.) 通过(某物)
get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人);被(某人)理解
get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事; (向某人)传达某事 get around/about 各处走动; (消息)传开,传播 get down to 开始认真做某事; 着手处理 get off 下车; 离开; 动身; 下班
get over 克服;摆脱某种情绪;从……恢复; 痊愈 get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 处理掉
get through 做完; 办完; 看完; 吃完; 通过(考试); 接通电话(to sb.) 【即时训练】
用get相关短语的正确形式填空
1. (2018北京卷) So far there is no effective way to ______________ plastic，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
2. The teacher tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not ______________to the class.
3. The news ______________ as quickly as possible. 4. Stop talking! Let’s ______________ work.
5. I tried to ______________ the Complaints Department, but failed.
【参】 1. get rid of 2. get across 3. got around 4. get down to 5.get into
17. protest n. 反抗 18. profit n. 利益
profit n. 利润;收益 vi. & vt. 获益；对……有用→profitable adj. 有利润的 earn a profit 挣得利润
benefit vt. & vi. 使受益;得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金→beneficial adj. 有益的→【同】profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益 19. Defence
in defence of为……辩护;防卫 (1) in one’s defence 为某人辩护;保卫 self-defence n. 自卫;正当防卫 (2) defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩护 defend...from/against 保卫……(使不受伤害) defend oneself 自卫 (3) defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的; 辩护的;自卫的 【即时训练】 语境串词
(1) It’s necessary for us to take _________ measures to _________ ourselves.(defend) (2) 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为她说句话,他工作十分努力，我们应该保护他不受攻击。
He can’t say anything his action. However, I must say that she works very hard. We should ____________________ being attacked.
【参】 (1) defensive; defend (2) in defence of/to defend; in his defence; defend him against
20.poverty n. 贫穷，贫困→poor adj. 贫穷的，贫困的→【反】richness n. 富裕；丰富；肥沃→wealthy adj. 富有的
