中考英语-----动词时态总结
一、一般现在时( simple present tense)
1.用法：
(1)现在经常性的动作或状态 (2)客观事实和真理, 格言或警句
The earth moves around the sun. Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 【注意】
①宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时； eg: The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day.
②在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。 eg: We will start as soon as you are ready.
③ if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；
但if作为\"是否\"意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。 When作为\"当、、时候\"，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况 如果引导的是宾语从句，表示\"什么时候\"，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时。 eg: When he comes, I will let you know.
I don't know when he will visit me.
④可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。 eg: My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow. 2.标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day /week /month/year/… 3.形式：一般现在时，动词用原型；单数三人称，动词加“s”
I
leave home for school at 7 every morning.
二、一般过去时
1.用法：
(1)表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。 (2)发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。 eg: He went shopping with his friends last week.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.
2.标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month…,in the past；just now=a moment ago; in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, on April, 2005
3．构成: 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
三、现在进行时( present continuous tense)
1.用法：
(1)表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作;常见的时间状语：right now, at present, at the moment, now;标志词：Look, listen!
(2)表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。
--Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.
5. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
(1) 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。 eg: a. He is cleaning his room now.他在打扫房间。 He cleans his room every day.他每天都要打扫房间。 b. They are visiting China.他们正在中国观光。
They often come to China for a visit.他们经常来中国观光。 (2) 一般现在时表示现在的状态。 eg: He likes jiaozi. They have a lot of friends
(3)有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin, start, come, go, leave eg: --Lucy! Would you like to give me a hand? --OK. I am coming.
(4)现在进行时和always , constantly, forever连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。 eg: The boy is always helping us! (夸赞) You are always changing your mind.
四、过去进行时
1.用法：
(1)谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。 I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning.
(2)当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。（when, while等引导的时间状语从句中，主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时）
eg: The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 2.标志词：1) at this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday;
2) when I saw him; while I was watching TV; 3) yesterday, last year, yesterday morning
3.结构: be (was，were) + doing
eg: What were you doing this time yesterday?
He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.
五、一般将来时（the future tense）
1.用法：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 2.结构： will / shall do be going to do
3.标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next week/month/term…, from now on 【注意】
(1)shall/will/be going to之间的区别：
shall往往用于第一人称疑问句, will可用于任何人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?
will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。Will you be at home at seven this evening?
be going to do a. 主语的意图，即将做某事: What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事: The play is going to be produced next month.
c. 有迹象要发生的事, 不是注定会发生某事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
▲用于条件句时， be going to 表将来，will 表意愿 eg: If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
(2) come，go, start, move, sail, leave等非延续性动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事(且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用)
eg: The whole family is going for two weeks.全家要去两个星期。
My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May. (3) be about to do表示“即将、正要”, 强调近期内或马上要做的事。(不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用)
eg: Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
(4)be to do表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可以表示征求对方意见，还可以表示必要性或可能性。
eg: What are you going to do tomorrow?
▲be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 eg: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) I‘m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
六、过去将来时
1.用法：
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
eg: He said his mother would buy a bike for him
My brother told me he wouldn’t believe Jack any more.
2.结构：would/should do（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。
Was / were going to do was／were＋to＋动词原形 was／were about＋动词原形
eg: They were sure they would win the final victory．他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。
He didn't expect that we should（would）all be there．他没想到我们都在那里。 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day． 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。
We were about to go out when it began to rain．我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。
七、现在完成时( Present Perfect Tense)
1.用法：过去的动作对现在的影响。过去的动作持续到现在。
基本构成： “have / has+过去分词” 其中have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not. 助动词和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 eg: I have finished my homework. I have stayed here for an hour！ 2.标志词：
already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before, since+时间点,for+时间段
eg：1. The teacher was already in the room when I arrived. 我到的时候老师已经在屋里了。
2. I have already waited two years. 我都等了两年了。 3.I haven't seen him recently. 我最近没有看到他。 4. I recently moved to this area. 我最近搬到这一带来了。
5.----Have you met him today? -----No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 3.现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如： eg：I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：
共同点：动作都在过去。
不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动
作用一般过去。)
eg: I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。（现在仍住这儿） I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。（现在不住这儿了） Has he got up？ 他起来了吗？ （着眼现在情况）
Did you get up very early？ 你起得很早吗？ （着眼动作本身） 5.易错点：
（1）have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。） They have gone to Europe. (They are not here.) （2）have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回） I have been to Europe. (I am not in Europe now.) （3）have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。
I have been in Europe for three weeks. (I am now still in Europe .) 6.瞬间动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别：
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下： begin/start leave die join get to know borrow buy 7.特殊句型：
A.用 “It is/ has been +一段时间 +since(一般过去时)”结构。 It is/ has been three months since he came here. B. 用“一段时间+has passed +since从句”结构： Three months has passed since he came here.
be on be away be dead be in / be a member of know keep have go there get home open close get married come here be there be home be open be closed be married be here 八、过去完成时
1.定义：过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。就是我们常说的：表示\"过去的过去的动作或状态\"。
eg: Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.
2.用法
(1)主语+过去完成时+by/before构成的时间短语
eg:①By six o’clock, I had finished my homework.
在六点以前，我就已经完 成作业了。
②He had finished the work before ten o’clock this morning.
(2)主语+过去完成时+when/before/ by the time引导的从句（从句谓语动词用过去式） 即：Before / When / By the time+过去时态, 过去完成时态
从句 主句
eg: ①They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
在他们到旅馆之前他们已 经吃过早饭了。
②Before I met her, I had heard a lot about her.
③By the time we got to school, the class had already begun. (3) 主语+过去完成时+for/since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句（短语或从句中谓语动词用过去式）
eg: My father had worked in the school for five years before he moved here. 在我爸爸搬到这里之前,他已在学校工作五年了。
I saw David yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left school. 我昨天见到了戴维。自从毕业后，我们就没见过面。 【注意】
①由for/since引导的定语从句用于过去完成时，其谓语动词必须是延续性动词。若是短暂性动词，则要将其换成延续性动词。
eg: She told me she had had the bike for two years.(第二个had不可用bought) The film had been on for ten minutes when we arrived.(been on不能换为begin). ②非延续性动词有come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow等，但它们都能够用表示持续状态相应的延续性动词替换。 ③如果两个动作紧接着发生，一般不用过去完成时。
eg: When I came into the house, I found them watching TV. After they finished all the work, they went home.
