虚拟语气练习

虚拟语气表示用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 事实相反。

虚拟语气的重点是：虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式， 示愿望的虚拟形式等。

(一)

所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与

含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表

虚拟语气的常见句型

(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气： A 用wish表示对现在的愿望时，

它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： 过去式(be动词

用 were)。

B 用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为： would,could,might+ 动词原形。

C wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时， had+动词过去分词或 could,would+have+动词过去分词。

宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：

(2)had hoped

引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为: 的愿望would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现

或令人失望的事。

(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner

禾口 would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去

式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情 况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

我倒希望你把这圭寸信立刻寄出去。

我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。

我真希望你昨天把这本书

I would prefer he did n t stay there too Ion g.

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

还了。

⑷It's (high,about) time that

句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过

去式。

例如：It's very late.It's time we had to go.

特殊形式的虚拟语气

that从句中。

天太晚了，我们得走了。

(二)

(1)should(可省略)+动词原形用于如下结构中的

A 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的 that宾语从句中，例如:

He ordered that park ing be prohibited on Main street duri ng the rush hour.

他下令在（交通）高峰期间禁止在大街上停车。

Tom in sisted that his Leadership be recog ni zed by all the boys.

汤姆坚持让所有男孩接受他的领导。 这类动词还有：

ask 要求 advise 建议 arrange 安排 beg 请求 comma nc命令 decide 决定 dema nd 要求 desire 渴望 determine 决定 insist 坚持 intend 打算

maintain 坚持，主张 move建议，动员 propose 提议 object 反对 order 命令 prefer 建议 require 需request

要求resolve 下决心

recommend推荐 suggest 建议 stipulate 约定，规定 urge 强调，促进 vote 公认，提议 decree 颁布（法令）pray 请求

B 用于It is+ 形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，例如：

It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough study of the results of the Apollo missio n.

拿出时间对阿波罗登月计划的结果做详细研究是恰当的。

This is their resoluti on that extra school life.

curriculum activities be made part of their

这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 这类形容词或分词有：

advisable 合理的 decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的 determined 决定的 commandec命令的arranged安排的essential

asked请求keen渴望的in credible natural 自然的 insisted

紧要的，基本的complied 遵照anxious焦急

难以置信的 adama nt坚定不移的

的imperative 迫切的important 重要的desirable 合意的better 较好的，更好insistent 坚持的desired 想要

坚持 necessary 必要的 suggested 建议 urgent 紧迫的 ordered 命 极其重要的 possible 可能的strange 奇怪的preferable 好一点

令shocked震惊的vital 可惜，憾事 shame遗憾

proposed 提议 requested 要求的 required 要求的 recommended 推荐 resolved 决定的 probable 可能的pity

C 表示建议、要求、命令、请求等含义的名词引导表语从句和同位语从句，例如：

The moti on is that the remark of the last speaker be exp un ged from the record.

该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 这类名词常见的有：

advice 忠告 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求、愿望 insistence necessity 必 要 性 order 命 令 preference 偏 爱 ， 选 择 proposal

坚持 motion 提议 提 议 pray 恳 求

recommendation 推荐 request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心 suggestion 劝告， 忠告 (2) 虚拟语气用于 as if(though) 引起的方式状语从句和表语

从句中，其动词形式与 wish 宾语从句的形式相同。

例如： She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the

sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好

的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，就好像他们是多年的 老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。

(3) 由连接词 in case,so that,unless,lost,for fear that 引起的状语从句中，谓语动词 要用虚拟形式，即 should(might,would)+ 动词原形，

例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿 的身上盖上了毯子以免他着

凉。

(三)

含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。 常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

(1) 介 词 或 介 词 短 语 ， 如 but for,but that,without,in case of,under,under more favourable condition 等。 (2)连词，如：

so that, uni ess,

in case,suppos in g,lest,provided(

倘若 ......... ),for fear

should+ 动词原形，但可

that(惟恐),insgroupsthat,on condition that,if only(

( 注： lest,for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用

要是 ....... 就好了 )等。

以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。 ) 例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 慢以免我们听不

这位外籍教师说得很

懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生

溢流现象。 练习题，自测一下：

1. It's time that you

A. would go ; would come

home and I'd rather you

again tomorrow.

B. went ; came

C. go ; are coming D. are going ; will come

2. no help. He insisted that he ____________ A. would need

B. needed C. need D. needs

3. I really wish such a noise ____________ soon.

A. had stopped B. would stop C. stopped D. will stop

4. I ____ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time.

A. much have bought B. had bought C. would have bought D. would buy

5. If she could sew, she __________ herself a shirt.

A. had made B. will make C. would have made D. made

6. ________ he come, the problem would be settled.

A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If

7. I _______ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.

A. would have hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped

8. It's necessary that each child _____________ the rules.

A. must obey B. still obey C. obeys D. obey

9. The officer gave the order that soldiers __________ to go out at night

A. mustn't be allowed allow

B. not be allowed C. be not allowed D. shouldn't

10. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _________ to your plan.

A. shouldn't agree agree

B. wouldn't agree C. hadn't agreed D. didn't

11. You ______ to the meeting yesterday . What was the reason for your absence?

A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come

12. He _______ the job well, but he ____________ so careless.

A. hadn't done ; had been B. could have done ; was

C. could do ; was D. had done ; had been

13. There was plenty of time, she ___________ have hurried. A. wouldn't

B. needn't C. couldn't D. mustn't

14. He didn't come yesterday, or you ____________ him. A. had seen

B. might have seen C. were to see D. would see

15. Li Ning acted that way as though he _____________ a foreigner.

A. were B. had been C. should be D. is

16. \"Have you visited the Science Museum?\" \"No, but I really wish I ______________ .\"

A. had B. did C. have D. will

17. ______ he would have succeeded in the examinations.

A. If he has worked hard B. If he works hard

C. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard

18. What would you do if the war ________________ .

A. would break out B. were to break out out

C. will break out D. is broken

19. Our former maths teacher died of

A. would still be working

cancer last term, otherwise

B. would still have worked

D. will still work

he now.

C. should still work

20. If it ________ so hard, we'd go to town. A. isn't going to rain

B. doesn't C. weren't raining D. isn't raining

21. Without your help, I _________ the exam last term. A. failed in

B. would have failed

C. wouldn't pass

D. would fail

22. But for the Party, he _________ of hunger 30 years ago.

A. died died

B. would die C. must have died D. would have

23. The doctor did everything he could so that he save the soldier's life.

A. might B. must C. had to D. was able to

参

1-5 B B B C C 6-10 B A D B D 11-15 D B B B A 16-20 A D B A C

21-23 B D A 高中语法 --- 虚拟语气专项练习

1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.

A. will be

B. would have been C. could have been D. would be

2. If she had worked harder, she _______ .

A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 3. — If he ____ , he ______ that food.

— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. If he ____ me his telephone number yesterday, I _______ able to ring him up now. A. told; would be B. had told; would be C. had told; would have been D. told; am 5. If I ____ you, I _____ to Australia with Mr. Smith.

A. had been; would go B. were; had gone C. were; would have gone D. am; will go 6. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be

C. would have been D. would be

7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I ______ the chair.

A. would not take B. didn't take C. hadn't taken D. wouldn't have taken 8. — The experiment has failed!

— I suggest that you ______ again.

A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try

9. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _______ to your plan. A. didn't agree B. hadn't agreed C. wouldn't agree D. not agree 10. The father insisted his daughter ______ a rich man.

A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to C. should engage to D. must be engaged to 11. She insisted that she ______ ill of him behind him, but he didn't believe.

A. hadn't spoken B. shouldn't speak C. wouldn't speak D. not speak 12. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

— Oh, did you? You ______ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 13. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.

A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave 14. There was plenty of time. She _____ .

A. mustn't have hurried B. needn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. couldn't have hurried 15. I wish I _____ you yesterday.

A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

16. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he ________ me from going.

A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent

D. were; would have prevented

17. He ____ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 18. If it ___ for the snow, we _______ the mountain yesterday.

A. were not; could have climbed

B. were not; could climb

C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _____ for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

20. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _______ , she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______ .

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 22. You didn't let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.

A. drove; didn't get

C. were driving; wouldn't get

B. drove; wouldn't get

D. had driven; wouldn't have got

23. She couldn't have answered the question if she ________ a few books on world history.

A. hadn't read B. hasn't read C. wouldn't read D. didn't read 24. If it ___ so hard, we'd go to town.

A. isn't raining B. weren't raining C. doesn't rain D. has rained

25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he _______ .

A. will still work

C. would still have worked

B. should still work

D. would still be working

26. The soldier died in the hospital. He ______ if the doctor _____ on him two hours earlier. A. might be saved; operated

B. could be saved; had operated

C. could have been saved; had operated D. had been saved; was operated 27. It's time that you _____ home and I'd rather you ______ again tomorrow. A. are going; will come B. go; are coming C. went; came D. would go; would come

28. I ___ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time.

A. would buy B. had bought C. would have bought D. must have bought

29. I went to the meeting yesterday because I ______ nothing about the discussion without attending it.

A. didn't know B. would know C. knew D. would have known

30. It was required that each student ______ enough food for the public.

A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had brought 31. He didn't come yesterday, or you _____ him.

A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen

32. It was suggested yesterday that a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.

A. will be held B. would be held C. should hold D. be held 33. It's strange that he _____ without saying good-bye to us.

A. should have gone out B. went C. should go out

D. goes out

34. Nothing could have saved him even if he _______ without delay.

A. would be tended B. was tended C. has been tended D. had ben tended 35. The manager was angry and ordered that this work _______ tomorrow.

A. be finished B. finish C. was finished D. would finish 36. He is talking so much about Britain as if he _______ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was

D. had gone

37. The young man insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 38. My suggestion was that the meeting _____ off till next week.

A. to put B. be put C. should put D. would be put

39. Had you listened to the doctor, you _______ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

40. It is requested that Li Ming _____ at the class meeting on behalf of us.

A. will speak B. speaks C. would speak D. speak 41. — I didn't catch the first train this morning.

— You _____ the first train if you ______ earlier.

A. would catch; had got up

B. could catch; should get up

C. would have caught; had got up D. would catch; got up 42. You ____ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would come B. should have come C. must come D. could have come 43. Without your help, we _____ this task.

A. don't finish B. will not finish C. didn't finish D. would not have finished 44. Mr. Fang spoke slowly in order that we ______ him.

A. should follow

B. follow C. might follow D. followed

45. — Have you ever been to Hong Kong?

— No, but I wish I ______ .

A. have B. will

C. do D. had

46. What should we do if it ____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 47. He _____ the test, but he wasn't careful enough.

A. could have passed B. were able to pass C. must have passed

D. might be able to pass

48. If there ____ not the Communist Party, we _______ a happy life.

A. were; couldn't live C. is; can't live

B. are; can't live D. was; wouldn't live

49. But for the leadership of out Party and Government, we _______ these splendid results.

A. have achieved

B. couldn't have achieved

50. — It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.

— He would be still alive today if he _______ that drug.

A. not take B. shouldn't have taken C. didn't take D. hadn't taken

参：

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5 DDBBC

—21

— 25 CDABD 41 — 45 CBDCD

6— 10 DDAAB 26—30 CCCDA 46— 50 AAABD

11—15 AABBC 31—35 CDADA

—20 AACCD 36 — 40 ABBCD

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