新概念英语第三册Lesson4

新概念英语第三册笔记lesson 4

Lesson 04 The double life of Alfred Bloggs

1.New words and expression 生词和短语

Double adj.两倍的, 双重的

-- Double life, 双重生活

-- Double character:双重人格

-- Double chin:双下巴

-- Double bed: 双人床,twin beds: 两张标准床。

Two-timer: a man who dates two women at the same time, 脚踩两只船。

manual adj.体力的(= physical adj.身体的, 物质的)

-- manual work 体力工作

-- manual labor 体力劳动者

mental work 脑力工作

collar n.衣领

-- gold-collar adj. 金领阶层的。

- -white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者(those who do mental work)

-- blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的(those who do manual work)

hot under the collar 怒气冲天

-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.

make a collar: police catch criminals, 抓小偷

sacrifice vt.牺牲,献出(to give up for good purpose)

-- sacrifice one's life for the country

-- sacrifice time

sacrifice n.牺牲(-- make many sacrifices)

dustman n.清洁工

corporation n.公司,大型股份有限公司

-- multinational corporation: 公司

Company: 小公司

Enterprise: 企业

-- Joint-venture enterprise: 合资企业

-- State-owned enterprise: 国有企业

-- Township enterprise: 乡镇企业

-- Non-government run school: 民办学校

overalls n.工作服

shower n.淋浴

secret n.秘密adj.秘密的, 隐秘的

Confidential adj.机密的

keep secret 保密

-- It's between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。

-- I'll keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。

in secret 私下里(= secretly, in private, privately)-- I was told about it in secret.

in the secret 知道内情-- He was in the secret from the beginning

status n.地位(= social position)statue n.雕像, 塑像

rise n.发生, 出现

loss n.损失

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fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的

2.Text 课文

Why did Alf want a white-collar job?

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than

people who work in offices.

●people who do manual work = blue-collar workers: 蓝领工人

people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who work in offices:白领,脑力劳动者

●receive money/拿工资, save money/存钱, spend money/花钱,make money/挣钱

-- Spend the money tomorrow today.

●far more money(far,表示程度的副词,用来加强语气= much)

People who work in offices are frequently referred to as \"white-collar workers'

for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

●refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为, 参考,参看。

-- I always refer to him as bookworm(n.书呆子)

be referred to as ……被称作为……

-- He is referred to as walking dictionary. 他被称作活字典。

●for the simple reason = for 引导的原因状语从句

for the reason that多用于正式文体,because多用于口语中。

-- He is referred to as a bookworm for the simple reason that he spares no efforts reading. -- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

●human nature 人性,人之常情

●such...that... , that从句并不是非限定性定语从句,而是引导such的同位语从句,

进一步补充说明such的基本内涵。在英语中,如果主语过长的时候,主语及其修饰成分就要放在后面,以保持句子的平衡和逻辑上的美感。\\

Such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the

privilege of becoming white-collar workers is human nature.

-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.

= Such was his kindness that… (such在句首要倒装)

= He was so kind that we will never forget him.

-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.

●介词for表示一种目的

be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做

●privilege n.好处(= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益)

sacrifice one's advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处

for the privilege of : 为了获得殊荣,宁愿…..

privilege n., 特别待遇(= special right)

give sb. the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事

privileged a.荣幸的

-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.

This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

●give rise to = 引起(lead to v.导致, 通向)(cause vt.引起, 惹起)(result in v.导致) -- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。

-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。

-- Pollution gave rise to a world wide green-house effect. 全球污染引起了温室效应。

●curious: 好奇的,奇妙的,稀奇的

●as it did: as 引导方式状语从句,it 是上一句that从句的内容,did是前面这句话的中心谓语,give rise to curious situations.

●in the case of 就...来说, 关于, 就...的情形而言(= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说)

-- Poverty depressed many people, but in the case of my father, it was otherwise. 贫穷使

许多人一蹶不振,但是对我父亲来说,则另当别论。

in case of(副词)万一, 以防→(in case: conj.万一)

-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. (ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险)

-- Take an umbrella with you in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。

●who引导定语从句

第一段围绕着第一句话展开,或者说such is human nature, 作者告诉我们这就是他要讨论的主旨,也就是他提出的这个社会现象。

When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.

●too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明,为难,困窘

too …..to……:太….以至于不能…….

-- too good to be true

-- It’s too hot to work.

be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧

-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.

shy: 羞涩, 不好意思

-- He was too shy to ask her do dance with him.

awkward: 别扭,不自在。

-- He feels awkward with women.

●marry 强调动作(-- He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。)

get married 强调过程(-- Last year they got married.)

be married to sb 强调状态(--The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.)

●get engaged/订婚,get married/结婚,get separated/分居,get divorced/离婚background notes: wedding oath—The Oath

I take you as my wedded husband from the moment forward. For better or worse, for rich or poor, health or sickness to love and cherish. As God is my witness, I give my promise.

●Simply: 仅仅…..,副词用来修饰told。

Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.

●smart: good looking and stylish.

●dressed in a smart black suit: 穿着一身漂亮得体的西装,这里dress是形容词作伴随状语.

He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into this suit.

●changed into 换上,强调变化的效果/ change back into 换回

●Before returning home = Before he returned home

Before和动名词搭配, 相当于Before引导的时间状语从句, 如果运用动名词形式,动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语

-- After getting home, he had a good rest.

-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.

Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.

Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will,

for Alf has just found another job.

●Fellow dustmen: 和他一起工作的清洁工. 工友。

fellow: 同伴,伙伴。

fellow student, fellow traveler, fellow passenger,fellow countryman/同胞

-mate 伙伴,但是通常是一个合成词,

Workmate/工友,roommate/室友,helpmate/妻子,贤内助,soul mate/红颜,蓝颜知己●Never have done……and never will: 从不曾,今后也不会。

-- Don’t you know I have carried the torch for you for a long time.

-- I’m sorry. I have never love you and never will.

●she never will = she will never discover the secret

在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前

-- “will you go to see her?”

-- “I will never to to see her\" = \"No, I never will.\"

He will soon be working in an office.

He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.

●half as much as

half / a quarter / twice / three times + as...as... 表示倍数

-- I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me.

-- This room is about three times as large as that one.

是...的几倍:...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...

比...多几倍:...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than…

-- This road is four times longer than that one. =

-- This road is five times as long as that one.

●What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。

well 副词用来加强语气, very much, 修饰形容词worth

From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not

'Alf'.

4. Special difficulties 难点

impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能

grant vt.同意, 准予

A. 两类词汇:

1)tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配(指物的直接宾语,指人的间接宾语)

-- He told a story to me. = He told me a story .

2)explain, say等动词只能带一个(直接)宾语,在间接宾语前要用介词to

-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.

-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.

-- He admitted his guilt to the police.(guilt n.罪行, 内疚)

-- Did you suggest this idea to him?

当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后(但say除外)

-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.

= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.

-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.

= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to me.

3)confide vt., vi.

倾诉(与in连用)

-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。

吐露(心事、秘密等), 与to连用

-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.

有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。

B.“Worth\"后面只能跟名词或动名词, 无被动语态

be worth sth./ doing sth.

-- His suggestion is worth considering.

-- His rise in status is worth the loss of money.

-- The book is worth reading. (不能用被动语态)

worthy: adj, 值得尊敬的,值得做某事, 后面可以跟被动语态。

be worthy of respecting, / be worthy of being respected,

5.课文中的比较.

●more than, as much as : 用比较级表示比较。

People who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.

He will be earning only half as much as he used to.

● A great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

He feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.

这第二种在课文中的某些词语隐含着比较的意思在里面。

6. Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述

新概念英语第三册笔记lesson 4

“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker\"

2... C double life

3... D \"...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money\"

previous adj.在前的, 早先的

respect n.某方面vt.尊敬, 尊重

4... B to go 可以省略

They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.

5... D \"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.\"

too...to…(不定式to表示否定)

s o...that…(在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式,可以和too...to 互换) -- The water is too hot for us to drink. = The water is so hot that we can't drink.

6... C \"He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation\"

simply副词(仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just)

无论是simply, only还是just,往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。

-- I did it simply/only for the money

-- I don't like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to work each

day.

and no more(放句尾),in a simple way 简单地, 简朴地

-- She was always dressed in a simple way.

7... B

Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。-- Before returning home...

Before是连接词,引导时间状语从句。-- Before he returned home...

before 引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。

8... C \"half as much as it used to be\要用定语从句进行限定

当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时,used to之后的动词必须省略掉

当主句的谓语动词是系动词时,used to之后必须带有系动词be,不可省略。

-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.

-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.

9... D gain:获利, 赢得(表示通过努力)

-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height

fee:(为专业服务支付的)费用

-- doctor's fees 医疗费/ the lawyer's fees 律师费

-- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费

payment:(商业、信贷)支付的款项(非常正式)

wages:(体力劳动者的)工资

salary:(白领的)薪水

10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴

11... C \"well worth the loss of money\"

pay back 偿还, 报复,reward 酬劳,酬谢value 价值

compensate v.偿还, 补偿

compensate for赔偿= make up for弥补

-- His intelligence more than compensate for his lack of experience.

12... A call = addressed as被称为

name命名/ cry out喊叫/ shout v.呼喊, 呼叫

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