形容词、副词导学案
吕爱军
学习要点：
1. 了解形容词、副词的相关概念。 2. 形容词、副词的用法。
3. 形容词、副词级的构成及其用法。 学习方法：“先行组织者教学策略”、自主、合作学习、探究、精讲多练。 一、概念：
请学生看以下例句来思考、分析、概括出形容词、副词的概念、区别及句法功能： 1 The beautiful girl is waiting for her boy friend at the entrance to the cinema . 2 They are afraid to face some difficulties that stop them developing . 3 We find English very useful. 4 She got home, hungry and thirsty . 5 She usually gets up at six every day . 6 He jumped high but ran slowly . 7 When and where did you buy the dictionary ? 8 Fortunately, they escaped from the fire . 小结：形容词用于表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征，在句子中可作___________ ________ _________ ___________ (成分)。 副词一般用作 ______ ，修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或全句等，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等概念。 写出以上画线部分的单词分别是形容词还是副词，并写出在句中所做成分。 Exx: 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1 He often makes _____________ mistakes. ( care )
2 He drove his car so ___________ that we felt very safe. ( care ). 二、几个相关的语法概念：
1 表语形容词：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, anable,worth, sure etc.
思考：这些词能不能做前置定语？可不可以做补足语 ？可不可以做后置定语？ Exx: 翻译下列各句：
1）令我惊讶的是，交通事故后，司机还活着。 2）交通事故后，我们发现司机还活着。 3）司机是唯一交通事故后活着的人。 2 复合形容词：
请写出以下复合形容词的意思及构成规律。 1) kind-hearted, cold-blooded. 2) red-hot, dark-blue.
3) tired-looking, ordinary-looking, easy- going. 4) hard-working, fast-moving
5) hard-won, newly-built, well-known. 6) life-long, world-famous 7) long-term,
8) peace-loving, kite-flying
9) snow- covered, hand-made
10) six-storeyed, three-legged, four-footed。
11) ten-year, 2000-word, two-man, seven-year-old. 单项填空：
1） It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was
___________ journey.
A three hour B three hours C three-hour D three-hours 2) We lived in the ______________ building.
A eleven storeys B eleven-storeyed C eleven storey D eleven-storeys 3 无比较级的形容词：
Sorry, wrong, right, possible, perfect, excellent etc. 改错：He is the more excellent of the two. 4 主语不能为人的形容词：
Possible, impossible, probable, necessary, convenient, inconvenient. 判断正误，并改正。
Please come here if you are convenient. You can go there if you are necessary. It is probable that it will rain today. 5 使动词转换过来的形容词：
Excited/ exciting, satisfied/ satisfying, disappointed /disappointing, etc 思考：这类形式的词你还能列出更多吗？ Exx:用所给词的适当形式填空：
1） He was so ___________ that he couldn’t say a word. (surprise ) 2） The ___________ fact made us silent. ( surprise )
3） ___________, the little boy work out the problem. ( surprise ). 6 形容词名词化：“定冠词+形容词（包括doing 或done）”表示一类人或物，相当于名词，在句子中做主语或宾语。
翻译： the old, the young, the jobless, the rich, the poor, the blind, the deaf, the dead, the living, the elder, the aged, the wounded. The old are to be taken good care of. 她觉得帮助病人和伤员是她的责任。 7 某些形容词以-ly结尾的：
Friendly, elderly, deadly, formerly, lively, lovely, lonely, motherly, monthly etc 思考： 名词+-ly = ? 形容词+-ly = ？ 你能举出更多的例子吗？
三、形容词作定语： 1 形容词作后置定语：
一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。
1）形容词作定语修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-和-body , -thing, -one 等构成
的复合不定代词。
翻译：某个重要的人将来我们学校参观。 你有什么特殊的事要告诉我吗？
2）以-able或-ble 结尾的形容词可置于有形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名
词后面。
That is the only solution possible. 3) 成对的形容词可以后置。
She has many pencils, blue and red.
4) 当“形容词+ 介词、不定式”构成的短语作定语时需后置。 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer
5) 当 old, long, high, wide, deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。 At that time, she was only a girl three yeas old. Exx: 翻译下列各句：
1） 村里的人，男的女的，老的少的，都喜欢唱歌。 2） 昨天，我看到了一条大约五米深的井。
2 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序一般为：all/both/half/分数/倍数/+限定词(物主代词/指示代词/不定代词)+ 数词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词(大小/长短/高低+形状+年龄/新旧+颜色+国籍/出处+物质材料+用途/类别+名词.
顺序口诀: 限定词+数词+美小圆旧黄、法国木书房。
观察、应用：They are cheerful ,efficient and warm-hearted young men. It was a rainy, windy ,unpleasant day. 将括号中所给形容词排序，完成下列句子。
We visited some friends, and spent the ______________ days at the seaside. ( few, sunny, last).
This _________________ girl is my cousin. ( German, little, pretty )
四、副词的运用
副词一般用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等概念
1 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语 Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong. ___________ ( 突然)，it rained cats and dogs. 2 enough 做副词，放在被修饰形容词的后面。 她大的足可以照顾自己。 思考：
--- Mary, what did I find ?
--- Oh, my lost key? I can’t thank you too much. ( = I can’t thank you much enough.)
Can’t ….enough….. 或 cannot /can never……too…. 再….. 也不为过。 Exx: 单项选择：
Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it risky, ______？ A though B also C either D too
Trees are good for man. We can’t plant them _________ many.
A so B such C too D enough
The population of China is ________ than that of America. A more B less C larger D smaller 3 具有两种形式的副词：
high 高高地 highly 高度地 ;
eg He jumped high, so he was spoken highly of.
思考： hard /hardly, close /closely deep /deeply free /freely
Late /lately near / nearly just/justly etc, 你还能举出更多的例子吗？ 五、形容词、副词的级
1形容词和副词的比较等级分为_________ ___________ ___________ , 无范围,用_________, 两者之间的比较用____________,三者或三者以上的比较用___________.
2 请你说出形容词、副词比较级、最高级的构成规则：并写出下列词的比较级、最高级：
Cheap ______ ________ nice ______ _______ heavy _____ ______ Big ______ ________ expensive ____________ ___________ Good/well _________ _________ little __________ ____________ Many/much _________ _________ 3 形容词、副词的原级公式：
1） 用 as …..as….. ; not ……as/so…….. as……., 倍数放在第一个as 前，名词可以放在第一个as前，也可放在形容词后。
Eg She is a student as good as you./ She is as good a student as you.
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister.
请记住以下习惯用语的意思：
as long as 只要 as soon as 一…….. 就……. as well as 既…又… as good as (= very nearly) 与…几乎一样，几乎，简直 as far as …. 据……， 远至。 The man was lying on the ground, ________ dead.
A as possible as B as well as C as soon as D as good as 4 比较级公式：
1) 比较级前常见的修饰语有：rather, much, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times 等。
I make twice less money in a fortnight than he does in a week.
2) “ the + 比较级…..， the +比较级……”，表示“越……，越…….”。 The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
3) “ the + 比较级+ of the two+ 名词” 表示“两个中较…….的”。 The taller of the two boys is my classmate.
4) “ 比较级+and+ 比较级”表示 “越来越…..” Colder and colder , more and more difficult 请你写出更多这样的结构： 5)用介词 by 表示相差的程度。 She is taller than I by three inches.
6) more…….than……表示： 与其……不如……. He is more a poet than a scholar.
7) 比较的对象不能相互包含，常见的句型是： 比较级+than+ any other + 单数名词
all (the ) other + 单数名词 anyone else
any of the other + 复数名词
the rest of the + 复数名词或不可数名词
China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is the largest country in Asia.
China is larger than any country in Africa
China is larger than all the other country in Asia. 8) 比较的对象要相同 判断正误：
The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. The climate here is warmer than Shanghai. 9) 注意比较结构中的省略现象
Tom’s writing ,if not better (后面省略了than Jack’s ), is at least as good as Jack’s. 翻译下列各句：
如果你努力，你的英语会变得越来越好。 她喜欢这两本杂志中较厚的一本。 这张桌子比那张桌子长一尺。
与其说我是她的老师，不如说我是她的朋友。 她比我们班任何一个同学都学得认真。 你听英语越多，你的听力就越好。 他写得没我好。 他写得并不比我好。 5最高级：
1）最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly ,almost, by no means, not really , not quite, nothing like.
The bridge is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 2）否定+比较级= 最高级
He has never spent a more worrying day. 6 表示倍数的几个句型
1） 倍数+as +形容词/副词原级+as …… 2) 倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than….. 3) 倍数+ the+性质名词+of
4) The +名词+be +倍数+what 从句
5）The+名词 +be +倍数+that/those of …… Eg Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. =Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. = Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain.
Exx: This road is 5 times as long as that one. ( 写出同义句)。 学习反思：
1关于形容词、副词，在以上学习之后，你是否掌握了它们的重难点，是否会灵活运用？
2 请你运用多种学习方式，做一些有关的练习题，并能从阅读文章中去灵活感知。
