时态的基本判定方式

时态的基本判定方式：

一、时间状语同时态的关系:一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态.其判定方式如下：

1、句中含有yesterday; last year(last + 具体时间）； two days ago（一段时间 + ago）； just now； this morning； in 2008(in + 过去的年代）； the other day； over the weekend等时间状语,谓语动词用一般过去时；

2、句中含有tomorrow； next week(next +具体时间）； in two hours（in +一段时间）； （how） soon; from now on； 10 years from now(一段时间+from now)； in the future; in 2013（in +将来的年代）； by （the end of） next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon； this evening; tonight； this weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；

3、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语,又有一个具体时间点(at 5:00； this time; at that time）时,谓语动词用过去进行时；

4、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）； over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005(since+具体时间或从句); for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；

5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时,谓

语动词用用过去完成时；

6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now； today; these days等词)，其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行：

---—-— 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词.如有,用一般现在时；

——-—-— 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时；

--——-- 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时；

--—--— 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词。如是，用现在进行时;

—-—-—— 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）.如是，用现在完成时。

二、主从句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则,通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其引导词所表示的不同时间关系,确定主句和从句的时态.

三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态.

Exercise

1。 What _____ you _____ over the weekend?

A. will； do B。 does； do

C. did; do D. were； doing

2。 Xiao Li usually _____ to school by bike last year。

A. goes B. went

C。 will go D. is going

3。 What _____ in our town 100 years from now?

A。 happened B. is happened

C. has happened D. will happen

4. Mr. Smith ____ to see you in an hour.

A. came B。 has come

C。 will come D。 comes

5。___you ___from your parents recently？

A.Did; hear B。 Have; heard

C。 Do； hear D. Will; hear

6. We___TV at home this time last night.

A.were watching B. watched

C。 have watched D。 would watch

7。 We _____ over 1500 English words by the end of last month. A. have learned B。 had learned C。 will learn 8。 She ____ in Shanghai since 1992。

A. had lived B. has lived

C. lived D. will live

9。 She ____ in Shanghai for ten years。

A。 has lived B。 had lived

C. lived D. will live

10。 We all know that the earth _____ round the sun.

D。 learnt

A. goes B。 went

C。 is going D。 will go

11. ———Where are the boys？

——They ___ soccer on the playground。

A. play B. are playing

C. were playing D. played

12。 Look! Lucy ____ under the tree。

A。 reads B。 is reading

C. was reading D. read

13. He ____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years。A. has collected B。 had collected C. collected 14。 Jim _____ a letter to his parents at 7：30 last night。

A。 had written B。 wrote

。 will collect

D

C。 would write D。 was writing

15. The Smiths _____ in Beijing since two weeks ago。

A。 stayed B。 were staying C。 would stay D。 have stayed

16。 -—When ___ you ___ the bike？

-—Last Monday.

A. have; bought B。 did； buy

C。 will; buy D. do； buy

17. Look! The boy____English now。

A. likes B. liked

C。 is liking D。 was liking

18. Most students in our class _____ TV twice a week。

A。 watch B。 watched

C。 will watch D。 are watching

19. How soon ____ they ____ back from work？

A。 do; come B。 did; come

C。 have; come D. will； come

20. -—Where ___ you ____ Mr. Li?

-—In his office， half an hour ago。

A. will; see B。 did； see

C. have, seen D. do; see

21. I _____ a new dictionary. Look！ It's very useful。

A。 bought B。 will buy

C。 have bought D。 would buy

22。 I won't watch the movie tonight。 I _____ it before。

A. will see B。 have seen

C。 saw D. had seen

23。 Hello! I _____ know you _____ in Chengdu。 How long have you been here？

A.didn’t; were B。 don’t； are C. didn’t； are D。 don't； were

24。 He _____ a fire and then cooked a meal.

A。had made B. was making C。 made D。25。 If I _____ time tomorrow， I will go to visit my grandfather.

A. have B。 will have

C. would have D. am having

26。 I'm going to be a doctor when I ___ up.

A。 grow B. will grow

C。 grew D。 am growing

27. The film _____ on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.

A。 has been B。 had been

has made

C. was D。 is

28。 She __ dinner when her son came in。

A. has cooked B。 had cooked C。 was cooking D。 would cook

29. The train _____ when we got to the station。 We had to wait for the next one。

A. has left B. had left

C. left D。 was leaving

30。 He said that he _____ to the barber’s tomorrow morning。

A。 will go B. went

C. is going D。 would go

31。 In the last years I ___ a lot of friends。

A. have made B. made

C. will make D。 was making

32. The boys _____ for about two hours.

A。 are playing soccer

B。 have been playing soccer

C. were playing

D. play soccer

33. He _____ so quickly that he could win the race。

A. is running B。 will run

C. ran D。 had run

34。 He didn’t go there with us because he _____ there before.

A.has been B. had been

C。 went D. would go

35。 I don’t know if he ______ tomorrow. If he ____, I will tell you。

A。 will come; will come

B。 comes; comes

C。 will come； comes

D。 comes; will come

36. When I was young, my mother told me that the sun ____ in the east.

A。 rise B。 rises

C. rose D. had risen

37.-—_____ you _____ your work?

-—Yes. I finished it an hour ago.

A. Did; finish B. Have； finished C. Will; finish D。 Had; finished

38. Hurry up， or you _____ the early bus.

A. will miss B。 has missed C。 would miss D. missed

39。 I _____ Mr。 Green while I _____ along the street last Sunday.

A. met; walked

B。 was meeting; walked

C。 met； was walking

D. was meeting; was walking

40. Tom is strong and he _____ to school every day.

A. walked B。 walks

C. will walk D. has walked

41. He said that he _____ with Mr。 Black at that time.

A。 talked B. was talking

C. is talking D。 would talk

42。 We _____ English in this school since we came here。

A. have studied B。 studied

C。 had studied D. were studying

43. She _____ at home until her mother came back。

A. has stayed B. stayed

C。 had stayed D。 will stay

44. There will be an interesting movie ____ two days。

A。 for B. in

C。 after D. since

45。 She _____ there until I came back.

A. didn’t leave B。 has stayed

C. left D。 was staying

46。 It has been raining _____ two hours ago。

A。 until B。 for

C。 since D. by

47. His father _____ since he was two years old。

A. has died B。 died

C. has death D. has been dead

48。 The meeting _____ for ten minutes when I got there yesterday。

A。 has begun B. had begun

C. has been on D。 had been on

49. He had collected over 500 stamps _____ he was twelve years old.

A. since B。 for

C. until D. by the time

50。 I was doing my homework _____ she rang me up last night。

A。 when B. while

C。 since D. before

51。 —-Where is John？

—- He _____ the library。

A. has been to B. has gone to

C. has been in D。 has been at

52。 How long ___you ____the computer?

A. have； bought B. did； buy

C。 have ； had D。 will； buy

53。 She _____ Shanghai for two days.

A. left B。 has left

C. will leave D。 has been away from

54. He didn’t tell me anything about it _____ he left.

A。 since B。 until

C。 by the time D。 while

55。 She _____ China since she was five years old。

A. has come to B。 has arrived at

C。 has arrived in D. has been in

56。 I had finished my homework _____ I watched TV last night.

A。 before B. after

C. when D. until

57。 Miss White has been _____ the music club for 4 years。

A. joining B. join

C。 joined D. in

58. What do you think he will _____ ten years?

A。 be for B. be at

C。 be to D。 be in

59。 There _____ two football games in our school next week.

A。 is going to has B。 will have

C。 will be D。 is going to have

60。 They _____ a birthday party next Friday afternoon。

A。 is going to be B。 will be

C。 will have D。 is going to have

61. How long have you ____ the pen?

A. kept B. bought

C。 borrowed D。 got

62。 I _____ Mr。 Brown since I left Shanghai in 2004。

A. have seen B. saw

C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see

63. You don’t have to describe her。 I _____ her several times.

A。 had met B。 have met

C。 met D。 meet

. I _____ a cold for five days。 I still can’t get rid of it。

A. caught B。 had

C. have caught D. have had

65。 What _____you _____at nine o’clock that morning?

A。 are； doing B. did; do

C. were； doing D。 had； done

66. What ____ you _____ by nine o’clock that morning?

A。 are； doing B. did; do

C. were; doing D。 had; done

67。 The sign _____， “ No Parking！”

A。 reads B. was read

C。 is reading D. read

68.-—____ you ____ your lunch？

——Yes. I _____ it at school.

A。 Did; have; have had

B. Have； had; had

C. Did; have； had

D. Have； had； have

69。Lily___for her mother until she ____home.

A。 will wait； will come

B. won't wait； comes

C。 will wait; comes

D. waits; will come

70. ——Mr。 Brown is leaving for a trip。

--Really? Where ____ he ___?

A。 has; gone B。 will； go

C. did; go D. does; go

71。 Tom， you _____ the book for two weeks. You have to return it now。

A。 borrowed B. have kept

C. kept D. have borrowed

72。-—Have you mended your shoes? —-Yes。 I _____ it twenty minutes ago.

A。 have mended B. mended

C。 had mended D. will mend

73。 Mr. Smith ____ to China last year and ____ in love with her。A。 goes; falls B。 went； fell

C。 went; felt D. has gone； fell

74。 If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow， _____。

A. he will, too B. he won't, either

C. he does， too D。 he doesn’t, either

75。——Shall we go watching the match? —-Sorry, I can’t. homework.

I _____my

A。 do B。 have done

C。 am doing D。 did

76. The children won't go hiking if it _____ next Sunday。

A. rain B. rains

C。 will rain D。 is raining

77.--_____ you _____ to Japan?

--Yes。 I will go there next month.

A. Have； been B。 Have; gone

C。 Are; going D. Did; go

78。 When I got there, the film ___ for five minutes.

A。 had been on B. had begun

C. was beginning D. began

79. Don’t open the door until the bus ____.

A。 will stop B. doesn’t stop

C. is stopping D. stops

80。--_____ you _____ to Japan?

-—Yes. We went there last year.

A. Have; been B。 Have； gone

C. Did; go D。 Are； going

参：

1—5 CBDCB 6-10 ABBAA 11—15 BBADD 16-20 BAADB 21—25 CBACA 26—30 ABCBD 31—35 ABCBC 36-40 BBACB 41-45 BABBA 46-50 CDDDA 51—55 BCDBD 56-60 ADDCC 61—65 ACBDC 66—70 DABCB 71-75 BBBBC 76-80 BCADA