19届高三英语一轮复习Unit1Culturalrelics课时作业218033012

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018·湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试)

Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best, and when we're at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.

But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then it's reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, break­ups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.

I want to admit I'm a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.

See, my dog — and 24/7 companion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.

It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.

In those days after my dog's death, I remember thinking, “I've got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realised that tears are for everybody; they're not gender­specific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。

【难句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句)

分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。

译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。

1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．Crying is a raw human emotion.

B．Crying is an emotion beyond control. C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness. D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness. 答案与解析：A'考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。

2. What's the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?

1

A．They cry over different matters. B．They cry at different times of life. C．Women cry more often over deaths.

D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy. 答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。

3. What did the author think of his crying over his dog's death? A．A sign of strength. B．A sign of weakness.

C．Behavior of being womanish.

D．A way of reducing emotional stress.

答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。

4. What's the best title for the text? A．Men, never cry like women B．Men, it's OK to cry sometimes

C．Crying solves psychological problems

D．Crying explains differences between men and women 答案与解析：B'考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。

B

(2018·云南省第二次检测)

Several companies in Europe, the US and Asia have decided to change one of the processes of making chocolate and no longer roast the cacao beans. They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead. The resulting product is called “raw” chocolate.

Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin C．It's also claimed that uncooked cacao contains higher levels of antioxidants(抗氧化物) than roasted cacao used in most chocolate.

“Over the last 10 years, consumers have become more involved in their food and drink，” says Kris McGowan, who runs the Raw Chocolate Company. “They care a lot more about its healthy qualities and chocolate is no exception.”

But Martin Schweizer, professor of biochemistry at Heriot­Watt University, urges caution on describing raw chocolate as a super food until more research is carried out. “We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”

There are concerns that not heating them to about 150 ℃ could mean an increase in bacteria. However, producers insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces.

Jennifer Earle, a writer on chocolate, is unconvinced by it on taste grounds. “It's the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether the chocolate is ‘raw’ or not，” she says. “And if you're talking about health, I'd rather eat some top­quality ordinary chocolate and have a plate of vegetables afterwards.”

2

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。许多生产商在制作巧克力时不再对可可豆进行加热烘干，并宣称这样做可以保护可可豆中的营养物质，但是一些研究人员对此有不同的看法。

【长难句分析】However, producers insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces.(第五段第二句)

分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句，作insist的宾语；在宾语从句中含有as引导的原因状语从句。

译文：然而，生产者坚持认为，因为没有涉及动物制品，所以不加热到150 ℃时的风险与处理胡萝卜和生菜这类蔬菜时存在的风险一样小。

5．Chocolate bean growers in Africa ________. A．dry the beans outdoors naturally B．roast the beans at a low temperature

C．cook the beans in pots instead of in ovens D．store the beans with uncooked vegetables 答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。

【关键句】They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead.(第一段第二句)

译文：他们坚称非洲和南美的种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。

【解题思路】根据关键句可知，非洲的可可豆种植者是将可可豆放在户外自然晾干。故选A。

6．Producers of raw chocolate claim that ________. A．it can fight bacteria B．it is very eco­friendly

C．it preserves more nutrients D．it contains less antioxidants 答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。

【关键句】Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin C．(第二段第一句)

译文：生产商称不在烤炉上烘焙可可豆可以让可可豆保持其原有的营养，例如铁、锌、铜和维生素C。

【解题思路】根据关键句可知，生巧克力的生产商声称不烘焙可可豆所生产出的生巧克力可以保留更多营养物质。故选C。

7．Jennifer Earle, the writer on chocolate, thinks that ________. A．roasted cacao is cleaner B．raw chocolate is healthier C．raw chocolate tastes better D．cacao quality matters more 答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

【关键句】“It's the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether the chocolate is ‘raw’ or not，” she says.(最后一段第二句)

译文：她说：“重要的是可可豆的质量，而不是巧克力是‘生’的还是不‘生’的。” 【解题思路】根据关键句可知，Jennifer Earle认为可可豆的质量更重要。故选D。 8．We can infer from the text that ________.

A．not much research has been done on raw chocolate B．raw chocolate has become the most popular variety

C．children face the risks from bacteria when eating raw chocolate D．all consumers have turned to raw chocolate for health concerns 答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。

【关键句】“We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”(第四段第二、三句)

3

译文：“我们还需要对此做更深入的研究。这个研究还处于一个相当初级的阶段。” 【解题思路】根据关键句可知，对生巧克力的研究还处于初级阶段，由此可推断，针对生巧克力的研究还没有做。故选A。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2018·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)

Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual “Back­to­School Bash” program. It offered needy families an opportunity to learn about free __1__ in the community. Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids. He was __3__ two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his __4__ day, but he chose to __5__ his time and gave free haircuts to lower­class kids on condition that the kids should __6__ their free haircuts by having to read a book to him.

The idea was so __7__ that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would __8__ a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud __9__ Holmes was doing their hair. After the haircuts, they'd review the book, from the __10__ and vocabulary to the themes — just like in school, only more fun.

Holmes, who is married __11__ two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to __12__ with their kids. So he hopes to offer some __13__ in this way. And he admits he, __14__ , benefits from doing that.

There was a seven­year­old kid who __15__ stuttered (结巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and __16__. When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That __17__ Holmes to do more.

Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get __18__， he plans to restart his __19__ as the Storybook Barber. “Today's world is full of guns and violence，” he says. “The barbershop is a __20__ place for the kids to come and read books.”

【文章大意】 本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。 1．A.materials B．resources C．methods D．connections

答案与解析：B'根据上下文可知，社区给孩子们提供学习的免费资源。material“材料”；resource“资源”；method“方法”；connection“连接”。

2．A.participate B．perform C．develop D．withdraw

答案与解析：A'根据下文的“by providing help to kids”可推知，Holmes决定参与这项活动。

3．A.faced with B．caught in C．presented with D．engaged in

答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes同时从事了两份工作。be faced with “面临”；be caught in“处于困境”；present with“把„„交给”；be engaged in“从事于”。

4．A.happiest B．worst C．busiest D．best

答案与解析：C'根据上文的“as a barber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。

5．A.spend B．waste C．save D．donate

答案与解析：D'根据空后的“gave free haircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的时间捐献出来，免费给贫穷人家的孩子理发。donate“捐献”。

6．A.receive B．earn C．demand D．request

答案与解析：B'根据下文“their free haircuts”的提示可推知，孩子们要通过读书才能挣得免费理发的权利，故选B，earn“挣得”。

4

7．A.popular B．ordinary C．complex D．rigid

答案与解析：A'根据下文的“he continued it for the next two years”可推知，这项活动很受欢迎，因此Holmes在接下来的两年也坚持了下来。popular“受欢迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；complex“复杂的”；rigid“死板的”。

8．A.put away B．take over C．pick up D．give out

答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，许多孩子会拿起书，坐在理发椅上，开始大声朗读。 9．A.before B．after C．while D．until

答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，孩子们读书是在Holmes理发期间。while“在„„期间”。

10．A.kids B．heroines

C．barbers D．characters

答案与解析：D'根据语境“they'd review the book”和“and vocabulary”可推知，孩子们回顾书中的角色和词汇。character“角色”。

11．A.with B．to

C．for D．about 答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，此处表示Holmes有两个儿子。with表示“有”的含义。 12. A．stay B．read C．talk D．learn

答案与解析：B'根据上文的“read a book to him”及“read aloud”可知，此处表示并不是每个父母都有时间陪孩子一起读书的。

13．A.guidance B．judgment

C．assistance D．insurance 答案与解析：C'根据上文的“Holmes decided to __2__ by providing help to kids”可知，Holmes希望通过这种方式来提供一些帮助。assistance“帮助”。

14．A.again B．still

C．then D．too

答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes在帮助他人的过程中自己也受益匪浅。 15．A.usually B．hardly

C．merely D．necessarily

答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，有个七岁的孩子通常读得不流畅，故选A项。 16．A.write B．practice

C．remark D．reflect

答案与解析：B'根据下文的“When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems”可推知，这个七岁的孩子回家进行了练习，因此再读起来没有问题。

17．A.surprised B．excited

C．inspired D．impressed

答案与解析：C'根据语境“do more”可推知，Holmes受到了激励，从而做得更多。 18．A.settled B．relaxed

C．pleased D．refreshed 答案与解析：A'根据上文的“Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安顿下来，与下文重新开始自己原有的项目计划呼应。settle“定居”。

19．A.ownership B．hobby

C．promise D．role

答案与解析：D'根据上文的“working as a barber”及下文的“as the Storybook Barber”可推知，Holmes又重启自己的边读书边理发项目，扮演好自己的角色。

20．A.secret B．safe

C．rough D．crowded

5

答案与解析：B'根据“Today's world is full of guns and violence”可知，在这个纷乱的世界里，理发店可以作为孩子们读书的安全之地。

6