常用英语标点符号及其用法
在书面语，标点符号起着分隔作用，并有指明语法关系和语义的功能。现将常用标点符号的主要用法分述如下：
一．逗号（,）
1.分隔并列成分。
例：At the bookstore I bought a dictionary, a grammar book and a textbook. 我在书店里买了一本词典，一本语法书和一本课本。
He stood up from his seat, opened the door, and went out. 他从座位上站了起来，推开门出去了。
2. 分隔并列分句。
例：He lives his students, and his students love him. 他爱他的学生，他的学生也爱他。
We must leave now, or we will miss the train. 我们必须立刻出发，不然就误了火车了。
3. 分隔同位语、呼语。
例：Mr. Zhang, our English teacher, will be leaving for Shanghai on Friday. 张老师，我们的英语老师，将在星期五动身去上海。
I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. 琼斯先生，我想听听你的意见。
Take a seat, Mr. Smith. 史密斯先生，请坐。
4. 分隔句首状语。
例：Honestly, I don't know. 真的，我不知道。
When it rains, I go to school by bus. 下雨的时候，我坐公共汽车上学。
Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
5. 分隔非性定语从句。
例：She gave him a story book, when he started to read at once. 她给了他一本故事书，他马上就读了起来。
The thief, who had entered through the window, store a lot of money. 小偷是从窗户进去的，偷走了许多钱。
6. 分隔直接引语和导语。
例：George said, \"I don't know her telephone number.\" 乔治说：“我不知道她的电话号码。”
\"Only a fool,\" Jim said, \"would believe his words.\" 吉姆说：“只有傻子才会相信他的话。”
二 句号（.）
1. 用于陈述句和语气温和的祈使句后。
例：Somebody is asking to see you. 有人要见你。
She asked if he had done his best. 她问他是否已尽了最大努力。
Let's go to the movies. 我们去看电影吧。
2. 用于某些缩略词等后。
例：Oct. 十月（October）
Prof. Li 李教授(Professor Li)
98.6%
三 问号（？）
1. 用于疑问句后。
例：Is there a pos office near here? 这儿附近有邮局吗？
It's cold outside, isn't it? 外面很冷是吗？
2．用于委婉的祈使句后。
例：Open the door, would you? 请把门打开。
Have some coffee, will you? 喝点咖啡，好吗？
四 冒号（：）
1．用于引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语。
例：Her grades are as follows: Chinese, an A; English, a B; Math, a C; an History, a B. 她的成绩如下：汉语为A，英语为B，数学为C，历史为B。
The weather will be like this tomorrow: cloudy with scattered showers at night. 明天的天气是：阴天，晚间有零星阵雨。
2. 用于引出对前文进行总结、补充的词语。
例：I've just had some good news: I've been offered a job in the firm. 我刚得到一个好消息，我在那家公司谋到一个职位。
He has only one pleasure: playing cards. 他只有一个乐趣：玩牌。
五 感叹号（！）
1．有于感叹句，表示感叹、赞美、嘲讽等。
例：Happy New Year! 新年好！
What lovely flowers! 多美的花呀！
How I wish to go! 我多么希望能去呀！
2．用于祈使句，表示命令或强烈感情。
例：Be quiet! 安静一下！
Come in, everybody! 大家都进来！
六 引号（\" \"）
1．用于直接引语，有三种情况。
a. 句首为He said, She asked等时，后用逗号，引号内的引语可根据具体情况用不同的标点。
例：Mike said, \"Let's meet at my house next time.\" 迈克说：“让我们下一次在我
家见面。”
Father asked, \"Are you feeling better today?\" 父亲问：“你今天感觉好些吗？”
b. 如果he said, she asked等位于句尾，句尾用句号，其前面的直接引语末尾则用逗号，或根据需要用问号、感叹号。
例： \"I was watching a TV play then\" Tom said. 汤姆说：“我当时在看一部电视剧。”
\"Don't be late again!\" Father said. 父亲说：“不要再迟到！”
\"Why didn't you hand in your exercises?\" asked the teacher. 老师问：“你们为什么没有把练习交上来？”
c. 直接引语被he said, she asked等导语切断，如果切断处句子未完，则切断处用逗号，导语后也用逗号。如果切断处是一个的句子结束，则切断处仍用逗号，但导语后用句号。
例： \"I bought Granny a present,\" said my brother, \"and she liked it very much.\" “我给奶奶买了一件礼物，”我弟弟说，“奶奶非常喜欢这件礼物。”
\"It is getting dark,\" Tom said. \"Can I go home now?\" “天晚了，”汤姆说。“我现在能回家吗？”
2．用于引述书名、文章名称、歌曲名称、电影名称等。
例：Have you read the book \"the Song of Youth\" ? 你读过《青春之歌》这本书吗？
\"Titanic\" won the Oscar of Best Film. 《泰坦尼克号》赢得奥斯卡金像奖的最佳影片奖。
七 连字符（-）
1．用于连接复合词。
例：self-confidence 自信
a three-mile walk 三英里的散步
a world-famous scientist 一个世界闻名的科学家
2．用于连接数字中的十位数和个位数
例：twenty-two 22 one hundred and fifty-seven 157
3．用于连接用作定语的词，或作定语的序数词的分子和分母。
例：a two-month-old baby 一个两个月大的婴儿
a four-thousand-word article 一篇4000字的文章
a two-thirds majority of the vote 选票的三分之二多数
4．用于连接词缀与词。
例：re-create再创造 pre-war 战前 co-worker 合作者
八 省字号（ ' ）
表示简略式或名词所有格
例：I'll go to the barber's. 我要去理发店。
Don't you know the rule? 你难道不知道这条规则吗？
They aren't busy today. 他们今天不忙。
九 破折号（----）
用于补充说明或评语。
例：They are giving away flowers----free, of course. 他们在分送花朵，当然是免费的。
It was a decisive battle----we won the war because of it. 那是一场决定性的战役----我们正是由于那场战役才打赢了这场战争。
几个容易用错的英语标点符号用法
整理了一些标点符号的用法，希望能与英语爱好者一同学习、进步，同时，也欢迎大家来补充一些有关于标点符号的用法。
I．逗号（，）
1．在并列句中，连词（and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet）的前面用逗号。
应当指出，如果两个或三个并列从句都很简短，意思又紧密相连，它们之间可以不用连词而只用逗号：
A memoir is history, it is based on evidence.
2.写日期时，如次序是月－日－年，在日和年之间加逗号。如次序是日－月－年，则不加逗号：
He was born on October 15,1983.
He was born on 15 October 1983.
注意：英文中是没有顿号的，基本上可以说在中文中用顿号的地方可以用逗号取代。
II．句号（.）
1. 省略词一般加句号，如：Mr. Mrs. Ms. B.A. p.m.
2. 注意在B.A. 等词后面那个句号不要丢掉，现在有趋势在省略词后面不加句号，尤其
是在团体、通讯社和广播电台名称后面：UN NATO BBC NBC UNESCO
3. 2.如果在一个句子后面使用省略号，后面还得加句号，即变成四个句号。
III．分号（；）
1． 有些起连系作用的副词，
如 however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, moreover, thus, otherwise, besides等等，不应该用作连词来联系并列从句，在它们之间应该用分号而不是逗号。
2．如从句内已经已有标点，即使从句中有连词仍应用分号：
Unfortunately, Tom couldn’t come; and his absence made things difficult for us.
3. 如若干项内已有逗号，可用分号将各项分开：
On the committee are quite a few well-known people; for example, Professor Zhao, Dean of the Normal College; Mr. Han, editor-in-chief of the local evening paper; Miss Xu, a popular actress; and Mr. Hu, Director of the Bureau of Culture.
VI.问号（？）
1. 一个文句涉及多项时，各项之后皆可打问号：
Did she buy butter? milk? eggs? apples? books?
2.放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期的准确性： The author of this strange book was born in 1078(?) and died in 1135.
V.引号（“” 或‘’）
1．文章、短篇故事、短诗及歌曲和书中各章节的题目，应用引号标出，应当指出，书刊名称应该用斜体字或字下线标明。
2．引号和其它符号配合使用时，美国的通用方法是：
a.句号和逗号放在引号之内；
b.冒号和分号放在引号之外；
c.破折号、问号和感叹号，如只是与引语有关，放在引号之内；如与整个句子有关，则放在引语之外。
VI.圆括号（（））
1．圆括号用来标明插入性的、补充性的或注释性的词语。
2．表示细目的数字或字母一般放在圆括号中。
VII.方括号（[ ]）
1．标明引语中引用者加的或说明部分。
2．如圆括号中还需用括号，则用方括号代替圆括号。
VIII.斜体字和字下线
在手写稿和打印稿中，字下线和印刷品中的斜体字功用相同。
1．书籍、杂志、报纸、剧本、长诗及歌剧的名称要用字下线或斜体字标明。
2．英语中外来词应用字下线或斜体字标明。
3．船只、飞机和艺术作品的民称应用字下线或斜体字标明。
4．提及某一词或字母时，应用字下线或斜体字标明。
5.字下线或斜体字有时可以表示强调：
What a man does is more important than what he says.
常见英语标点符号的用法（转）
句号 Period [.]
用以表示一个句子的结束
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
用在缩写中
B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
问号 Question Mark [?]
在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句：
How many provinces are there in Canada?
注意：在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号：
The teacher asked the class a question.
Do not ask me why.
叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]
在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪：
We won the Stanley Cup!
The forest is on fire!
逗号 Comma [,]
句子中的停顿
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
在疑问句中引出说话人：
\"I can come today,\" she said, \"but not tomorrow.\"
排列三个或以上的名词：
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
引出定语从句
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
单引号 Apostrophe [']
表示所有
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: 对于复数形式的名词，只加'
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
缩写I don't know how to fix it.
引号Quotation Marks [\"]
直接引出某人说的话：
The prime minister said, \"We will win the election.\"
\"I can come today,\" she said, \"but not tomorrow.\"
冒号Colon [:]
引出一系列名词
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
引出一个较长的引语
The prime minister said: \"We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election.\"
分号Semicolon [;]
将两个相关的句子连接起来
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
破折号Dash [-]
在一个句子前作总结
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
表示某人在说话过程中被打断
The woman said, \"I want to ask - \" when the earthquake began to shake the room.
连字符Hyphen [-]
连接两个单词
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
将前缀
anti-Canadian
non-contact
在数字中使用
one-quarter
twenty-three
