系动词：be, look(等表示感觉的词),seem, turn, become 等+表语
be+( doing / done)
have / has
助动词
动词 (v.) do (does, did)
will, shall, would, should
情态动词
及物动词vt. 行为 / 实义动词
不及物动词 vi.
系动词:表示主语是”什么”或”怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成合成谓语.
e.g. We are in Grade Eight this year. We are Chinese.
The story sounds interesting. The flowers smell sweet.
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.
助动词：这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问。 e.g. A dog is running after a cat.
He does not speak English well.
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast? The Internet is changing the world.
情态动词:这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, could, might,等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词的原形一起作谓语，表示完整的意思。 P121
e.g. I can dance.
He can’t walk because he is a baby. May I come in ?
实义动词:表示行为,动作或状态的词.它词义完整,可以单独作谓语.
e.g. I live in Beijing with my mother. It has a round face.
句子成分讲解
口诀：主谓宾，定状补，句子成分要清楚。
句子主干主谓宾，枝叶部分定状补。 定语用在主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 还有助词的地得，帮助区分定状补。
注意：一个句子只能有一个谓语
1、 主语：是句子的核心，是人或事。可以作主语的成分包括：名词、代词、数词、主语从句，现在分词（-ing）和动词不定式（to do） e.g. The Internet is changing the world. I looked at photos online last night. My computer was on my desk.
2、 谓语：用来描述主语的动作、状态或特征。可以作谓语的成分包括：动词、情态动词+动词
e.g. I looked at photos online last night.
The boy needs a pen. I ate some fish. I lost my book
3、 宾语：用来表示动作或行为的对象。可以做宾语的成分包括：名词、代词、数词、复合结构、从句、现在分词、动词不定式
e.g. The boy needs a pen. I ate some fish. I lost my book.
4、 表语：位于be 动词或系动词后。可以作表语的成分包括：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式或从句。 e.g. Life is a stage. Tom is a boy.
5、 定语：用来修饰名词或名词性词组。 可以作定语的成分：形容词（最常用）、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式和定语从句。
e.g. A warm smile is a language.
The little boy needs a blue pen.
Lucy is a beautiful girl.
His name is Tom.
It is a ball pen.
The boy in red is Tom.
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.
6、 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。可以作状语的成分：副词（最常用）、介词短语、名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、状语从句。 e.g. The boy needs the pen very much.
I like you very much.
Last night I watched a movie from the Internert.
7、 补语：对于主语或宾语进行补充说明。宾语补足语，主语补足语。八年级上P128
