建筑类常见英语词汇

关于建筑的英语词汇

to build, to construct 建设,建筑,修建 architecture建筑学 building修筑,建筑物 house房子

skyscraper摩天大楼

block of flats 公寓楼 (美作:apartment block) monument纪念碑 palace宫殿 temple庙宇 basilica皇宫,教堂 cathedral大教堂 church教堂 tower塔,塔楼

ten-storey office block 十层办公大楼 column柱 colonnade柱廊 arch拱门

town planning 市政 (美作:city planning) building permission 营建许可证,建筑开工许可证 greenbelt绿地

elevation建筑物的三面图 plan设计图 scale比例尺 to prefabricate 预制 excavation挖土,掘土

foundations基

to lay the foundations 打地基 course of bricks 砌好的砖列 scaffold, scaffolding 脚手架

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段

c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟

h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件 I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语

【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】

【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】

【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】

【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】

【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】

k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语

【Discipline 专业】

【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】

【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】

a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据

计划建议书 planning proposals

设计任务书 design order

标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing

设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart

工程地质资料 engineering geological data 原始资料 original data

设计进度 schedule of design

b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段

方案 scheme, draft 草图 sketch

会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation

可行性研究 feasibility study 初步设计 preliminary design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 询价图 enquiry drawing

施工图 working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图 as built drawing

c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件

日照 sunshine 风玫瑰 wind rose

主导风向 prevailing wind direction

最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载 wind load

最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane 台风 typhoon 旋风 cyclone

降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量 annual rainfall

湿球温度 wet bulb temperature 干球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period 冰冻线 frost line 冰冻区 frost zone

室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision

不采暖地区 region without heating provision 绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度 relative humidity

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称

办公室 office

服务用房 service room 换班室 shift room

休息室 rest room (break room) 起居室 living room 浴室 bathroom 淋浴间 shower

更衣室 locker room 厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic

工作间 workshop

电气开关室switchroom 走廊 corridor 档案室 archive

电梯机房 lift motor room 车库 garage

清洁间 cleaning room

会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room 衣柜间 ward robe 暖风间 H.V.A.C room 饭店 restaurant

餐厅 canteen, dining room 厨房 kitchen 入口 entrance

接待处 reception area 会计室 accountant room 秘书室 secretary room 电气室 electrical room 控制室 control room 工长室 foreman office 开关柜室 switch gear 前室antecabinet (Ante.) 生产区 production area 马达控制中心Mcc

多功能用房 utility room

化验室 laboratory room 经理室 manager room 披屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard house

e. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚

女儿墙 parapet 雨蓬 canopy 屋脊 roof ridge 坡度 slope 坡跨比 pitch

分水线 water-shed

二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt 檐口 eave

挑檐 overhanging eave 檐沟 eave gutter 平屋面 flat roof 坡屋面 pitched roof

雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇水面积 catchment area 泛水 flashing

内排水 interior drainage 外排水 exterior drainage 滴水 drip

屋面排水 roof drainage 找平层 leveling course 卷材屋面 built-up roofing 天棚 ceiling 檩条 purlin

屋面板 roofing board 天花板 ceiling board

防水层 water-proof course 检查孔 inspection hole 人孔 manhole

吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornice

f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)

砖墙 brick wall 砌块墙 block wall

清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall

石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall

承重墙 bearing wall

非承重墙 non-bearing wall 纵墙 longitudinal wall 横墙 transverse wall

外墙 external (exterior) wall 内墙 internal (interior) wall 填充墙 filler wall 防火墙 fire wall

窗间墙 wall between window 空心墙 cavity wall 压顶 coping

圈梁 gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断 glazed wall

防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C) 遮阳板 sunshade 阳台 balcony

伸缩缝 expansion joint 沉降缝 settlement joint 抗震缝 seismic joint

复合夹心板 sandwich board

压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel 复合板 composite panel

轻质隔断 light-weight partition 牛腿 bracket

砖烟囱 brick chimney 勒脚(基座) plinth

g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟

地坪 grade

地面和楼面 ground and floor 素土夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth

回填土夯实 tamped backfill 垫层 bedding course, blinding 面层 covering, finish

结合层 bonding (binding) course 找平层 leveling course

素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course 混凝土地面 concrete floor 水泥地面 cement floor

机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring

油地毡地面 linoleum flooring

预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist

硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring 企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor

钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) 乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring

水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope 集水沟 gully 集水口 gulley

排水沟 drainage trench 沟盖板 trench cover

活动盖板 removable cover plate 集水坑 sump pit

孔翻边 hole up stand 电缆沟 cable trench

h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件

木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door 镶板门panelled door 夹板门 plywood door

铝合金门 aluminum alloy door 卷帘门 roller shutter door 弹簧门 swing door 推拉门 sliding door 平开门 side-hung door 折叠门 folding door 旋转门 revolving door 玻璃门 glazed door 密闭门 air-Tight door

保温门 thermal insulating door

镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door 防火门 fire door

(大门上的)小门 wicket 门框 door frame 门扇 door leaf 门洞 door opening

结构开洞 structural opening 单扇门 single door 双扇门 double door 疏散门 emergency door 纱门 screen door 门槛 door sill

门过梁 door lintel 上冒头 top rail 下冒头 bottom rail 门边木 stile

门樘侧料 side jumb 槽口 notch

木窗 wooden window 钢窗 steel window

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window

百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗 plastic steel window 空腹钢窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window

平开窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window 气窗 transom

上悬窗 top-hung window

中悬窗 center-pivoted window 下悬窗 hopper window

活动百叶窗 adjustable louver 天窗 skylight

老虎窗 dormer window

密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing

钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel 钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash 窗台 window sill

窗台板 window board 窗中梃 mullion 窗横木mutin 窗边木 stile

压缝条 cover mould 窗帘盒 curtain box

合页(铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴 pivot

长脚铰链 parliament hinge 闭门器 door closer 地弹簧 floor closer 插销 bolt

门锁 door lock 拉手 pull 链条 chain

门钩 door hanger 碰球 ball latch

窗钩 window catch 暗插销 insert bolt

电动开关器 electric opener

平板玻璃 plate glass 夹丝玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃 quartz glass

吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃 polished glass 着色玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃瓦 glass tile 玻璃砖 glass block 有机玻璃 organic glass

I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯

楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase

疏散梯 emergency stair

旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步 step

扇形踏步 winder (wheel step) 踏步板 tread 档步板 riser

踏步宽度 tread width

防滑条 non-slip insert (strips) 栏杆 railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆 platform railing

吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail

梯段高度 height of flight

防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform)

操作平台 operating platform

装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading 楼梯平台 stair landing 客梯 passenger lift 货梯 goods lift

客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift 液压电梯 hydraulic lift 自动扶梯 escalator

观光电梯 observation elevator 电梯机房 lift mortar room 电梯坑 lift pit

电梯井道 lift shaft

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语

Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦 红砖 red brick 粘土砖 clay brick

瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖 fire brick 空心砖 hollow brick 面砖 facing brick 地板砖 flooring tile 缸砖clinkery brick 马赛克 mosaic

陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦 glazed tile 脊瓦 ridge tile

石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)

波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheet Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 石膏 gypsum 大理石 marble

汉白玉 white marble 花岗岩 granite

碎石 crushed stone 毛石 rubble

蛭石 vermiculite 珍珠岩 pearlite 水磨石 terrazzo 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel

粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand

Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土 波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement 火山灰水泥pozzolana cement 白水泥 white cement 水泥砂浆 cement mortar 石灰砂浆 lime mortar

水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆 thermal mortar 防水砂浆 water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar

纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar

灰缝 mortar joint

素混凝土 plain concrete

钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete 细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete

Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料 水刷石 granitic plaster 斩假石 artificial stone 刷浆 lime wash 可赛银 casein

大白浆 white wash

麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base

喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash 分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰 lath and plaster

Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉 沥青卷材 asphalt felt 沥青填料 asphalt filler 沥青胶泥 asphalt grout

冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet 石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材 裂缝 crack 透裂 split 环裂 shake 干缩 shrinkage 翘曲 warping 原木 log

圆木 round timber 方木 square timber 板材 plank 木条 batten 板条 lath 木板 board 红松 red pine 白松 white pine

落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce 柏木 cypress

白杨 white poplar 桦木 birch

冷杉 fir 栎木 oak 榴木 willow 榆木 elm 杉木 cedar 柚木 teak

樟木 camphor wood

防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood

三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood

企口板 tongued and grooved board 层夹板 laminated plank

胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board 竹子 bamboo

Metallic Materials 金属材料 黑色金属 ferrous metal 圆钢steelbBar 方钢 square steel

扁钢 steel strap,flat steel 型钢 steel section (shape) 槽钢 channel 角钢 angle steel

等边角钢 equal-leg angle

不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle 工字钢 I-beam

宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam 丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)

冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧 hot-rolled 冷轧 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷压 cold-pressed 合金钢 alloy steel 钛合金 titanium alloy 不锈钢 stainless steel

竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar 光圆钢筋 plain round bar 钢板 steel plate

薄钢板 thin steel plate 低碳钢 low carbon steel 冷弯 cold bending 钢管 steel pipe (tube)

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 黑铁管 iron pipe

镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron 生铁 pig iron

熟铁 wrought iron

镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire 钢丝网 steel wire mesh

多孔金属网 expanded metal 锰钢managanese steel

高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属 金 gold

白金 platinum 铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze 银 silver

铝 aluminum 铅 lead

Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料 聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene 尼龙 nylon

聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester 橡胶内衬 rubber lining 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 沥青漆 bitumen paint

环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint

耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint 耐碱漆 alkali-resistant p