英语常用词缀整理
表示否定的前缀： un- unfair, unhappy
non- nonsmoker, nonviolent
in- inedible, inexact, invincible, dis- disloyal, discontent 表示相反的前缀： un- unbind, uncover de- decrease, deduct dis- discover, discourage ir- irregular, irrelevant,
counter- counterattack, counteract 表示错误或失当的前缀：
mis- misjudge, misdirect, mistake mal- maltreat, malpractice
pseudo- pseudo-classic, pseudo-scientific, pseudonym 表示向背的前缀：
pro- pro-Chinese, pro-American anti- anti-war, anti-social 表示程度的前缀：
arch- archbishop, arch-fascist super- supermarket, superluxury ultra- ultra-leftist, ultraconservative,
over- overeat, overdressed, overflow, overdue, overdose under- undercook, underfeed, underestimate mini- mini-car, mini-skirt semi- semiskilled, semi-steel 表示时间的前缀：
pre- pre-school, pre-war fore- foretell, forewarn
post- post-war, postgraduate 表示方位的前缀：
sub- subway, submarine
inter- international, interdependent, intersection, interact, internet, trans- transatlantic, transfer, translate, transform
英语中只有三个前缀，就是be-, en-/em-, a-, 并不改变词根的基本意义，而是引起词性的变化，如：
be- befriend, belittle, benumb, befool
en- enslave, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger，envision, enrich, enlist, em- embody, empower a- asleep, ablaze
英语的后缀具有较强的语法作用，加在词根上构成派生词，并不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。 动词变名词：
1
-ation exploration, simplification, conversation, celebration, civilization, cooperation, decoration, expectation, location, navigation, suggestion, consideration, declaration, invitation, -ment arrangement, movement, equipment, achievement, announcement, appointment, argument, improvement, commitment, statement,
-al refusal, proposal, memorial, approval, survival, -ee trainee, employee
-er trainer, employer, worker, teacher
-age drainage, coverage, usage, encourage, package, voyage, 形容词变成名词：
-ness happiness, meanness, awareness, -ity diversity, acceptability
-ism nationalism, fanaticism, socialism, -ist loyalist, racialist 名词、形容词变动词： -ify beautify, simplify
-ize modernize, hospitalize
-en quicken, widen, broaden, soften,
-ate accelerate, celebrate, generate, originate, populate, alienate, communicate, coordinate, estimate,
名词变形容词： -y hairy, sandy -ish foolish, Turkish
-esque picturesque, Dantesque -some burdensome, troublesome
-ous poisonous, humorous, generous, luxurious, continuous, mountainous, prosperous, -tive effective, destructive, distinctive, executive, objective,
-al commercial, continental, digital, economical, environmental, financial, functional, official, oriental, tidal, universal, ancestral, critical, educational, formal, historical, initial, individual, national, physical,
-able comparable, compatible, remarkable, suitable, available, enjoyable, -ful hurtful, careful, cheerful, peaceful, powerful, successful, -less careless,
但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义，而不改变词性，如gangster, boyhood, impressionism, kingdom, spoonful, Londoner, machinery, matting, booklet, idealism, friendship, drudgery 附：
PREFIXES MEANING EXAMPLES
a- lacking in amoral(immoral), apolitical, asocial anti- against anti-body, anti-clockwise arch- highest, worst archbishop, arch-enemy
bi- two bicycle, biweekly, bilingual, bilateral co- with, joint co-author, cooperate, coordinate, counter- in opposition to counter-attack, counteract de- to reverse action decode, debug
2
di- two dilemma, disyllabic dis- the opposite of, disbenefit, dislike,
to reverse action disconnect, dismount
ex- former ex-wife, ex-chairman fore- before foretell, forecourt
hyper- extremely hypercritical, hyper-important in- not insane, inexperienced
inter- between, among international, interrelation interrupt, intervene, mal- badly maltreat, malnutrition mini- little miniskirt, minibus mis- wrongly, astray misspell, misleading mono- one monolingual, monotone multi- many multi-million, multi-racial non- not non-smoker, non-musician out- faster, longer outrun, outlive over- too much overheat, overeat poly- many polysyllabic
post- after post-war, post-graduate pre- before pre-war, premarital pro- on the side of pro-British, proconsul
pseudo- false pseudo-science, pseudo-classic
re- again, back rebuild, rebound, rebirth, retrace, reunite, review, sub- lower/less than, beneath substandard, subhuman, submarine, subway super- above, better superman, supermarket trans- across transplant, transatlantic ultra- extremely, beyond ultra-violet, ultra-modern un- not, unfair, unexpected,
to reverse action untie, undress
under- too little underestimate, understate uni- one unilateral, uniform, union
-ist receptionist, journalist, tourist, colonist, specialist, 3
