高中英语阅读主旨大意

专题二 主旨大意题

Passage 1[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),A]

体裁 说明文

The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \"DriveLAB\" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.

Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \"For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.

\"But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\"

Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \"The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\"

\"For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

\"We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\" 12.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A. To explore new means of transport. B. To design new types of cars. C. To find out older drivers’ problems. D. To teach people traffic rules.

13.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time.

话题 老年人安全驾车研究 词数 难度 建议时间 314 ★★★ 6分钟

C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental illnesses.

14.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies. C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups. 15.What is the best title for the text? A. A New Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problems C. Driving Services for Elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road Passage 2[2017北京,C] 体裁

Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and

misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 1 for all of last year.

The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called \"herd immunity\who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.

But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.

That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

话题 词数 346 难度 ★★★ 建议时间 6分钟 说明文 麻疹疫苗

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63.The first two paragraphs suggest that . A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly .Herd immunity works well when . A. exemptions are allowed

B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws

65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A. The overuse of vaccine. B. The lack of medical care. C. The features of measles itself. D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the idea of exemption. B. To discuss methods to cure measles. C. To stress the importance of vaccination. D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. Passage 3[2016四川,D]

体裁 说明文

A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that \"night milk\" contains more melatonin (褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

The study,by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.

话题 夜间牛奶 词数 难度 242 ★★★ 建议时间 5分钟

While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

32.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk . A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious C.were less active D.woke up later

33.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic. C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It’s used in sleeping drugs.

34.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health

35.How does the author support the theme of the text? A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results. Passage 4[2015广东,A] 体裁 记叙文 话题 知恩图报 词数 难度 297 ★★ 建议时间 5分钟 Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, \"Oh, look, the game box hasn’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.\"

Peter examined the box and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.

\"You should put that up for auction(拍卖)on the Internet, and see what happens,\" the salesgirl said.

\"Yes, you’re right. People like something rare,\"Peter agreed. \"I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.\"

\"Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it,\" the salesgirl smiled.

\"No problem,\" Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.

Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.

\"Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?\"

The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said,\"Oh, hi!\"

\"I’ve got something for you,\"Peter said.\"I sold the game and made$1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.\"He handed her three$100 bills.

\"Wow!\"the salesgirl cried out. \"Thank you. I never expected it.\" 26.Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game? A.It was made around 40 years ago. B.It had game boards in different sizes. C.It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal. D.It had little pieces of wood in different colors.

27.What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game? A.Old and handy. B.Rare and valuable.

C.Classic and attractive. D.Colorful and interesting. 28.Peter got the names of the game fans from . A.an auction B.the Internet

C.a game shop D.the second-hand shop 29.What happened at the end of the story? A.Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward. B.The salesgirl became Peter’s friend. C.Peter returned the word game for $1,000. D.The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again. 30.What is the main theme of the story? A.It’s important to keep a promise.

B.It’s great to share in other people’s happiness. C.We should be grateful for the help from others. D.Something rare is worth a large amount of money. Passage 5[2015新课标全国Ⅱ,B]

体裁 说明文

话题 房屋设计影响身材 词数 难度 306 ★★★ 建议时间 6分钟

Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

Don’t forget the clock — or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.

25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about .A.their home comforts B.their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets

26.A home environment in blue can help people . A.digest food better B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories D.regain their appetites

27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music. C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights.

28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness

D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

答案

Passage 1

本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室,研究老年人开车存在的问题和困难,帮助老年人安全驾驶。

12.C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are\"可知,建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方,故选C。

13.A 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\"可知,对于很多老年人来说,开车对保持他们生活的性至关重要,故选A。

14.B 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\"the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life\"可知,研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车,故选B。

15.D 考查标题判断。本文的关键词是老年人开车,重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾驶所进行的研究。C项比较容易被误选,Services一词不恰当,概括太宽泛,偏离了文章主旨。 Passage 2

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。原因是少数人拒绝注射疫苗,从而导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。

【长难句解读】 Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. 分析:这是一个主从复合句,句中that引导定语从句,先行词为state laws;what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语;现在分词短语entering kindergarten作后置定语。 译文:把事情弄得更糟的是各州法律,它们很容易让本应该被要求接种疫苗的上幼儿园的所有儿童不参加疫苗接种。 63.A 考查细节理解。根据前两段的内容,尤其是第二段中的\"The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.\"可知,少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。 .C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.\"可知,只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。A项\"颠倒是非\由第六段的\"Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)...\"可知A项错误;B项文章未提及;根据第七段\"Now, several...But no one does enough to limit exemptions.\"可知D项错误。

65.D 考查细节理解。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段和第六段中的\"Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required

vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.\"可知,麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是有些人不参加疫苗接种。

66.C 考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的\"Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks\"并结合文中所述的麻疹卷土重来的事实可知,作者的目的是强调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。 Passage 3

这是一篇研究报告。文章指出在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶\"night milk\" 含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。

32.B 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime\"可知,饮用在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。所以B项正确。

33.D 考查细节理解。根据第六段中的\"taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night\"可知,褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。所以D项正确。 34.A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的\"But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.\"以及第二段、第五段的内容可知,全文围绕\"Night Milk and Sleep\"展开,告诉读者饮用在晚上取自奶牛的牛奶有助于睡眠。所以A项正确。 35.D 考查推理判断。通读全文可知,作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。所以D项正确。 Passage 4

本文是记叙文。Peter买了一个用木头做的字谜游戏,在女售货员的建议下把它转卖了,而且赚了1 000美元。Peter回到那家店给了这个女售货员300美元以表感谢。

26.A 考查细节理解。通过第二段最后一句中的\"a date of 1973 on the back of the box\"与第四段最后一句中的\"still around 40 years later\"可知本题答案。

27.B 考查推理判断。通过第一段最后一句\"That might be worth some money.\"和第三段中的\"You should put that up for auction(拍卖)\"可推知答案。

28.B 考查细节理解。通过第六段中的 \"Peter went online to several auction websites...\"和\"He also found some lists of game fans looking for...\"可知答案。

29.A 考查细节理解。通过倒数第二段中的\"Thank you for your suggestion.\"及\"He handed her three $100 bills.\" 可知,Peter给女售货员300美元作为回报。

30.C 考查主旨大意。Peter在女售货员的建议下把一个有很多年头的word game转卖,赚了1 000美元,之后Peter为了感谢这个女售货员,给了她300美元,故选C。 Passage 5

这是一篇科普性说明文。最新研究表明,房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等都会影响食欲和食量,进而影响节食效果和身材。

25.B 考查细节理解。依据第一段中的\"Your house may have an effect on your figure...\"可知,B项正确。

26.B 考查细节理解。依据第三段第三句\"In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.\"可知,在蓝色环境中人们的食量会减少33%,因此身处蓝色的环境中有助于减少食量。

27.C 考查推理判断。依据第四段的内容可知,吃饭快的话摄入的卡路里就会多,因此为了帮助减缓吃饭的速度,吃饭时可播放舒缓音乐,排除A、B项;D项与第二段首句的内容相矛盾;依据第五段的内容可知,使用小型的餐具有助于减少食物摄入量。故选C。

28.A 考查标题判断。本文主要讲的是房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等方面均会影响食欲和食量,进而影响节食效果和身材,故A项\"你的房屋在使你发胖吗?\"作文章标题最佳。