虚拟语气形式及综合练习讲稿

第一部分 虚拟语气的形式 第一部分 导论

表示虚拟语气的方法很多，主要通过时态呼应来表示。其形式有：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气、用It is....that句型表示虚拟语气、用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气、用wish句型表示虚拟语气、用某些动词引导虚拟语气、用as if 等表示虚拟语气、用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气，及其他虚拟语气的表达形式。

一、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 1. If there were no gravity, _______air around the earth.

A. there would not be B. there would be not

C. there had been no D. there would be no 选D,从句用过去时,主句用过去将来时.

2. If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we __ automobile fires.

A. would have not B. had been no

C. could not have D. will not have

选C,主句could也可用would might等代替

3. If the bearings _______ properly, they would be rapidly overheated.

A. had not been lubricated

B. would not be lubricated

C. were not lubricated

D. be not lubricated

选C,表示与现在事实相反

4. _______ not for television, we could not see things happening in other places at the moment they are happening.

A. Was there B. Were there

C. Was it D. Were it 选D,可用倒装形式表示虚拟语气,但必须省略if 5. _______,he would help us to solve these problems.

A. Had he time B. Did he have time

C. Had time if be D. Had he had time

选A,相当于If he had time

二 过去事实相反的虚拟语气 1. Tom would have gone to New York _______to get a plane reservation.

A. if he would be able B. if he were able to

C. if he had been able D. if he was able to

选C,主句用过去将来完成时,从句用过去完成时, 2. One investigation showed that forty percent of those killed in accidents __ if they had been wearing seat belts. A. would have been saved

B. could have been saved

C. should have been saved

D. might have been saved

选B,可用could来代替would 表示 可能

auto

3. _______,I would never have managed to fulfill the task ahead of time.

A. Had it not been for your help

B. If it were not for your help

C. If it has not been for your help

D. Were it not for your help

选A,可用倒装句型 ,省略if

4. \"The president made a brilliant decision, didn't he?\"

\"Yes, he did. I don't know what I'd have done. _______to make that decision.\"

A. would I have B. have I had

C. had I had D. did I have

选C,表示 我不知道当时如果要我作出决定的话,我该怎么办.

5. \"Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?\"

\"I didn't want one, but he would have given me one if I really __

A. did B. would C. were D. had

选D,相当于if I had wanted one ,省略是为了避免重复.

三 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 1. If the waters of the ocean __ moved away, the sea floor with its wide valleys, un-even mountains and submarine rivers would be an unbelievable sight.

A. was able to B. were able to

C. could be D. would be

选C,主句用 would be , 从句可用should be 或者 could be ,全句译成:有朝一日,如果人们能把海水移走,那么展现在我们面前的将是那宽广的海谷凹凸不平的群山以及地下河流. 2. If he _______this test, he might do it in some other way.

A. had done B. should do

C. would have done D. were to do 选D,我们可以用 were to 来代替should.另外,还需注意主句用动词原形,从句可用过去式,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气.

3. _______today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Were he leaving B. Would he leave C. If he leaves D. If he had left

选B,相当于If he would leave.

4. _______made to work in this way, it would increase its efficiency by 100%.

A. Were the engine to be B. If the engine would be C. Was the engine be D. If the engine was

选 A. 用 were to 来代替would,从意思上讲更好,全句译成:\"如果未来人们能够用这种方法使发动机运转的话.....选B从语法上讲也没错.

5. If he should come tomorrow, he __help us to see into the matter. A. will B. should C. can D. could

选B,当主语是第二,三称时,用should表示说话人的看法或者意志.

四 用 It is...that 句型表示虚拟语气

1. It was essential that all the necessary documents_______ to the president's office before the end of this month.

A. be handed in B. must be handed in

C. should hand in D. had been handed in

选A, It is essential that 句型要求从句时态用should+ 动词原形; should 常常 被省略,这类关键词还有' important, best, necessary, important , desirable, advisable, urgent, vital 等等. 2. It is appropriate that more time _______to thorough study of the scheme. A. should have been devoted

B. ought to be devoted

C. must be devoted

D. be devoted 选D,表示 应该多花点时间仔细研究这项计划.

3. It's important that a student _______ that the number on a card specifies the location of

the book in the library.

A. understand B. understands

C. understood D. had understood

选A, 在it is...that句型中尽管是第三人称单数仍然应选动词原形,因为前面省略了should.

4. It is imperative that your signature ___ on your identification card.

A. had to appear B. appeared

C. appears D. appear

选D. It is imperative that.. 表示\"......,是绝对必要的\".动词前省略 了should,所以用原形.

5. It's highly desirable that a new general manager __ for this company. A. is appointed B. be appointed C. will be appointed D. would be appointed

选B. highly 表示\"非常\强调语气.省略should.用动词原形.

6. It seems so unfair that this ______happen to me all the time.

A. does B. / C. should D. would

选C,这里should表示'竟然\不能省略.

五用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气 1. But for the help he gave me, I __ my task ahead of time.

A. had not completed B. could not complete

C. would not have completed D. completed

选C 短语用过去式,表明此句与过去事实相反.

2. He ______in it but that he saw it himself.

A. could not believe

B. could not have believed

C. had already believed

D. were believing

选B. but for 后面+名词,而but that 后面+句子,句意相同,表示\"除非他亲眼所见\"

3. Without trees, our entire world __ a much drier place.

A. had been B. were

C. would be D. is to be

选C. without + n. 后面三种情况都可能,这里可转换成 If there were no trees

4. In the absence of friction, belts __ in conveying goods from one machine to another.

A. won't be used B. were not used

C. had not been used D. could not be used

选D,表示与现在事实相反.

5. He has been working hard for fear that____.

A. he fell behind B. he would fall behind

C. he should fall behind

D. he had fallen behind

选C,在for fear that 动词形式是 should + 动词原形. should :有时也被省略.'

6. The mother put the medicine high on the shelf lest the little boy __ it.

A. take B. takes

C. took D. will take

选 A. lest 与 for fear that 同义,后面用should + 动词原形. should 有时被省略

7. Supposing that she doesn't come, __ we do? A. what shall B. what should

C. what would D. what will

选 A. supposing that 与If 同义,表示 假使,但是,不用虚拟形式.

六 用wish句型表示虚拟语气 1. I wish that the weather _______ not so hot.

A. was B. were C. be D. had been

选B,表示与现在事实相反,

2. We wish that you ______such a lot of work, because we know that you would have enjoyed the party.

A. would not have B. wouldn't have had

C. did not have D. had not had

选D,表示与过去事实相反.

3. We wish you _____your mind before leaving tomorrow.

A. could change B. changed

C. had changed D. would have changed 选D,表示与将来事实相反.

4. Marry wishes that she __ her father last night.

A. had met B. would have met

C. could meet D. met

选A,注意:是last might,而不是wishes决定时态的属性.

5. My grade on the final examination is terrible; I wish I __ a new plan more

thoroughly.

A. had studied out B. studied out

C. would have studied out D. could study out

选D,表示 但愿我能制订一个新计划.

七用某些动词引导虚拟语气.txt 1. He insisted that she _____the umbrella for it's raining hard outside. A. takes B. take C. must take D. is taking

选B,在动词demand, insist, require, request, suggest, recommend, order, decide, urge 等后面的从句中,可以省略 should, 用动词原形. 2. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we __ television on week nights.

A. did not watch B. not watch

C. must not watch D. would watch no

选B,省略了should

3. I demand either of you __ back to take an umbrella for fear that you should be

caught in the rain.

A. hurry B. will hurry

C. hurries D. hurried

选A,省略了should,直接跟动词原形.

4. The general manager recommends that we ____ as patient as possible whatever the

consumes of this kind complain of.

A. be B. am C. were D. shall be

选A,省略了should 用be

5. The law requires that every car ___ at least once a year.

A. will be checked B. be checked

C. must be checked D. ought to be checked

选B,省略了should.有时候,也可用被动形式.

6. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 1l o'clock at night.

A. not be played B. did not play

C. were not played D. do not play

选 A.相当于 The hotel management requests that ....

7. We were surprised that he _____this method of killing time. A. chooses B. chose

C. would choose D. should choose

选D,这里用动词原形更好.

8. It was proposed that the matter __ related in detail at the next lecture. A. will be B. would be

C. had to be D. should be

选D,同上.表示 将作详细论述.

9. The professor gave orders that the test __ before 5:30.

A. will have been finished B. Be finished

C. will be finished

D. should have been finished

选B. gave orders 等于ordered, 只是说法不一样而已.

10. Everyone agreed to his suggestion that another bridge __ built across the river.

A. was B. had been

C. be D. would be

选C, that 从句依然指建议,表示一种虚拟.

11. May I beg that you ______ any decision in this matter until I negotiate with you?

A. don't make B. not make

C. won't make D. haven't made

选B. beg与urge 同义,表示\"请求\"

12. We are rejoiced that our predictions __ so accurate.

A. are B. were

C. should be D. will be

选C,这里也表示 竟然.全句译成:\"我们竟然会猜中,真使我们兴奋不已,

八 用 as if. as though. even if 和 even though 引导虚拟语气. 1. The molecules of a gas behave as though they __ perfectly elastic bodies.

A. had been B. be C. were D. would be

选C,表示与现在事实相反.

2. This device operates as if______

A. it was repaired B. it had been repaired

C. it would be repaired

D. it should have been repaired

选B,表示与过去事实相反

3. ______they had dropped from the air, scores of ants began to materialize on the sandwich I had placed beside me.

A. As if B. Only if

C. Even if D. What if

选A,表示 仿佛从天上掉下来似的.

4. Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it __ a fluid.

A. was B. were C. is D. will be

选B,不管主是单数还是复数,均用were表示虚拟.

5. Even though I were starving, I __ a favors of him. A. would not ask B. were not asking

C. had not been asking D. did not ask

选 A. even though 与 as though 不一样.even though 表示\"即挨饿\".其实并不挨

饿.

6. I didn't know this Picasso Exhibition was closed, but I wouldn't have been able to come even if _____ about it.

A. I knew B. I had known

C. I would know D. I have been knowing

选B, even if也与as if 不一样.even if 表示\"即使我知道\其实不知道,时态的呼应与if句型相同.

九,用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气. (一) can/could + have + Ved

1.The English of this composition is too good; she __ it herself.

A. can't have written

B. shouldn't have written

C. night not have written

D. mustn't have been written

选A,表示\"不可能她自己写的\"

2. Joseph __ it upstairs this morning for he went to Italy yesterday.

A. won't have taken B. can't have taken

C. may not have taken D. didn't take

选B,表示约瑟夫不可能今早拿上楼梯.

3. We __ what the neighbors said because of the noise from the sea.

A. might not have heard

B. may not have heard

C. mustn't have heard

D. couldn't have heard

选D,表示\"不可能听到邻居的说话声\" could的可能性比can小.

4. Judging from what you said, he __ this work still better.

A. could have done B. might have done

C. must have done D. may have done

选A.表示\"照你的话来说,他本来可以干得更出色.

5. Nearly half a million of the death in Europe between 1980 and 1984 __ avoided.

A. should have been B. could have been

C. ought to have been D. might have been

选B,表示\"本可以避免\另外,要注意主,被动态.

(二) may/might + have +Ved

1. He promised to come at five o'clock, but it is already half past five. He __ the train.

A. must have missed B. might have missed C. may have missed D. should have missed

选C, may + have+ Ved 表示现在推测过去的事,是一种主观臆断,推测\"或许他没有赶上火车.

2. \"Whatever has happened to Brown?\"

\"I don't know. He _____lost.\"

A. can have B. might have

C. may have D. must have

选C,因为这是说话人对事情的主观臆断,表示\"他或许迷路了\"

3. She ______ill quite suddenly otherwise she would come anyway.

A. must have been B. could have been

C. should have been D. might have been

选D, might + has + Ved 时,隐隐约约有一种条件句的含义,表示\"她或许突然生病了.否则,她一定会来的.相当于\"如果她不生病,她一定会来.

4. I __ come to a wrong conclusion thus making her so angry.

A. could have B. should have

C. might have D. must have

选C,再比较一下:\"如果我不出错,她不会生气的,\"是否等同于\" 我或许犯了错,才使她生气.\"

5. Nobody asked you to overwork like that. You__ it.

A. needn't do B. ought not to do

C. might not have done D. must not have done

选C. might + have + ved还可表示\"本可以\";本可以\"; should + have + Ved表示 \"本应该\"以及表示\"本可能\"

( 三 ) should/ought to + have +Ved .

1 told him how to get there but perhaps I _____ him a map.

A. should have given B. must have given

C. might have given D. could have given

选A,表示\"我本应该给他一张图\"

2. With all his work on hand. he _____to the dance party last night.

A. mustn't have gone B. shouldn't have gone

C. couldn't have gone D. might not have gone

选B,用否定式表示\"她本不该\"

3. I'm sorry I couldn't get in touch with him before he left. I______ him earlier.

A, might have phoned B. could have phoned

C. ought to have phoned D. must have phoned

选C, should + have + Ved 相同,表示\"早应该,本应该,本当,语气比should要强,试比较:用ought to译成\"我早就应该打电话给他\"而用 should则译成\"我本该早点打电话给他.

4. You __ taken away his dictionary without getting his permission. A. may not have B. ought not to have

C. need not have D. can't have

选B.其否定式是ought not to

5. The patient is beyond remedy. He __to the hospital earlier.

A. should have sent B. must have been sent

C. ought to have been sent

D. could have been sent

选C.此句表示\"早该把他送往医院. A是主动语态显然是错的.

(四) must/needn't + have +Ved

1. My wallet is nowhere to be found. I __ when I was on the bus.

A. might have dropped it

B. must have dropped it

C. should have dropped it

D. could have dropped it

选B,表示肯定.全句译成:\"我的皮夹子不见了,准是掉在车上了.

2. John __ this morning, since he didn't answer the phone.

A. might have gene out

B. should have gene out

C. must have gone out

D. could have gone out

选C.表示\"肯定外出了.

3. You __ the class to tell me that; you could have come up to me afterwards.

A. needn't have interrupted

B. couldn't have interrupted

C. mustn't have interrupted

D. might not have interrupted

选A. need 的不定式是needn't

4. __ me up so early, Mom. I don't have to go to work today.

A. You might not have woken

B. You needn't have woken

C. You must not have woken

D. You wouldn't have woken

选B,表示\"你其实不必那么早就来叫醒我.

十其他形式的虚拟语气

1. If only I __ ten years younger.

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

选B, If only表示\"要是....该多好啊!\"可以引导与现在,过去和将来事实相反的虚拟语气.全句译成:\"要是我现在年轻10岁该多好啊.

2. If only Peter _____the police, everything would have been all right.

A. won't tell B. had not told

C. didn't tell D. would not have told

选B,表示与过去事实相反

3. She was thankful that he'd had her baby taken into the hospital; otherwise, she thought, the baby___

A. had died B. would have died

C. might have died D. has died

选C,表示与过去事实相反.

4. When the enemy shot at him, he didn't raise his head, otherwise he_____

A. was killed B. had been killed

C. would have been killed

D. ought to have been killed

选C.上一句表示\"或许会死\";而本句则表示\"会被杀死.\"

5. I'd rather you_____ anything about it for the time being.

A. didn't do B. hadn't done

C. won't do D. do 选A.

6. It is time the nations of the world _____ a hall to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.

A. would call B. call

C. called D. will call

选C,该句型也要求从句通常用过去式,表示\"该是世界各国停止生产核武器的时候了.

7. I could go myself but 1 would rather you ______ A. go B. had gone C. would go D. went

选D,该句型也要求从句通常用过去式.如果sooner后跟动词.则用原形.表示\"我倒愿意你去\"

8. May I beg you _______any decision in this matter until I see you again?

A. won't make B: didn't make

C. not make D. hadn't mad

选C,省略了should.表示\"请求你不要做出决定.

9. How strange it is that you _______anything about it!

A. didn't hear ' B. hadn't heard

C. wouldn't have heard D. shouldn't have heard

选D,表示\"你竟然对此事一无所知,实在太奇怪了.\"

第二部分 综合练习

一 虚拟语气的综合选择练习

1. It was decided that the matter __ referred to a special committee. A. was B. is C. be D. had been

2. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I __ the book from which it was made. A. reed B. had read

C. would reed D. have read

3. It's high time somebody _______his tongue. A. holds B. hold C. held D. could hold

4. The traffic was very heavy, otherwise, I __ here 50 minutes, sooner. A. must have been B. may have been

C. should have been D. would have been

5. I'm sorry Ann didn't want to go to the picnic. __willing to go, we would have paid all her expenses.

A. is she B. Would she be

C. Were she D. Had she been

6. But for your coming I ____lonely. A. could have been B. might have been

C. ought to have been D. must have been

7. Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China we __ hopeless and helpless.

A. were B. had been C. would be D. are

8. You sound as though you _____my meaning.

A. were catching B. caught

C. had caught D. will catch

Key:

1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C

二 虚拟语气的综合填充

1. It is desirable that the test of theoretical physics _______before you select the course of applied physics. (conduct)

2. I enjoy the movie very much. I wish I __ the book from which it was made. (read)

3. Her employer demanded that she ____to work as quickly as possible. (come)

4. The paper, which ______on my desk by 12 o'clock, has not been handed in yet. (be)

5. He didn't turn up at yesterday's party; otherwise I __ him.(see)

6. It's high time our artists and writers ______more works reflecting the present reform.( create )

7. I suggest that you ______any hasty decision in this matter, for it will do no good to you. ( make )

8. I remember the whole thing as vividly as if it __ today. (be)

9. But for the solar energy, nothing __. (live)

10. Prior to our conference, the executive director had requested that everyone ____ well prepared. (be)

Key:

1. (should) be conducted 2. had read

3. (should) come 4. should have been

5. would have seen 6. created

7. (should) not make 8. were

9. could live 10. (should) be

三 虚拟语气的翻译练习

1. 如果没有他的及时帮助, we should have already failed.

2. Mary suggested 我们去工业展览会 all together tomorrow morning.

3. Your remarks were considered rather offensive. You really 不应该那样与他说话.

4. It's demanded that the application forms; 在最后限期前交上来.

5. \"What are you going to do after graduation?\"

\"I haven't thought about it. But 该做出决定了\"

6. Were it not for television, 我们就看不到 things happening in other places at the moment.

7. 要是我吃了些 aspirins的话, I should

be able to get rid of this awful headache.

8. He felt 仿佛不需要 more time to prepare for his test.

9. 如果没有她的忠告, we would have passed up the chance.

10. 要是我看过这些词汇就好了at the back of the textbook before I took the English test.

11. I'd rather 你与她说话不会粗鲁.

12. 要不是医生采取了紧急措施,the child could have died.

key:

1. Had it not been for his help on time 2. we (should) go to the industrial exhibition 3. shouldn't have spoken to him like that

4. (should) be handed in before the deadline 5. it is time I decideD something 6. we couldn't see 7. If only I had some

8. as if he needed no

9. Had it not been for her advice 10. If only I had eyed vocabulary I could have passed the exam. 11. you didn't speak rudely to her

12. Had the doctor not taken urge measures =If the doctor hadn’t taken urge measures