Vocabulary Exercises(词汇训练)

Vocabulary Exercises(词汇训练)

I. 常见词缀（affix: prefix & suffix）和合成词（compound words）

1.名词词缀

-bility 表示“能力、可能性”等，能接在如：stable, avail, capable, visible, responsible, flexible等词后面，或接在以-able结尾的词语后面。

但：hospitable (好客的): hospitality。

-age 表示“状态、境况、费用”等，如：marriage, leakage, drainage, pupilage, postage, wastage.

-dom 表示“职位、地位、状态”等，如：kingdom, wisdom, officialdom, freedom.

-hood 表示“时期、品性”等，如：childhood, neighborhood, adulthood, motherhood, knighthood.

-ism 表示“主义、学说、制度、特性”等，如：socialism, heroism, terrorism, pessimism, optimism, alcoholism, racism.

-ship 表示“…之间的关系、身份”等，如：friendship, sportsmanship, leadership, ownership, championship, relationship.

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-ion 表示“…行为的结果、过程、状态”等，多接在动词后面。

-ity/-ry/-ty 表示“程度、性质、状态”等，可接在prosper, equal, formal, major, bribe, brave, loyal, cruel, penal等之后.

-ance/-ence 表示“性质、程度、状况”等，多接在动词之后。

-ness, -ment, -ure 接在动词或形容词之后，通常构成抽象名词。

-or/-er/-ee/-eer/-ess 接在动词后，构成动作的发起人。如：engineer,

employer, employee, trainer, trainee, interviewer, interviewee, profiteer, mountaineer, actor & actress, host & hostess, price & princess.

-ful 构成名词，表示“充满了…东西”，如：handful, mouthful, bagful, spoonful, bowlful.

2. 形容词词缀

-ful 表示“充满…东西的、有…倾向的”

-ly 加在名词后表示“象…的、每隔…时间发生一次的”，如：friendly, brotherly, manly, scholarly, weekly, hourly, yearly, monthly.

-ed 这一类形容词，通常表示被动含义。如：I am exhausted. She is very excited. Mary is indebted to your help.

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-ing 这一类形容词，通常表示主动含义， 如：The task is exhausting. The news is very exciting. The evidence is convincing.

-ive 表示“具有…性质的、具有…倾向的、…方面多的、突出的”

-able 表示“具有…能力的、能够的 ”

eg: The professor did ___ research before writing the article.

A. exhausting B. exhausted C. exhaustive D. executed

eg: She is very ___ to others’ ridicule.

A. sensitive B. sensible C. sensuous D. sentimental

-ic/-ical 表示“具有…特点的”(通常带有褒义，指：好的美的)，

poetic（象诗一般美丽的）, classic/classical（一流的、经典的）,

historic（有历史意义的、重要的）, historical (历史上的)，

economic(经济的、经济学的), economical(节约的、俭省的).

eg1: Being ___ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday.

eg2: That book looks like an advanced ___ text to me.

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A. economic B. economical C. economics D. economy

eg3: The doctor is trying to save the patient by every means ______ .

A. imaginative B. imaginable C. imaginary D. imagination

eg4: The young couple is ______ in their own factory.

A. industrial B. industrious C. indulge D. individual

eg5: Generally speanking, the blind are ______ to light.

A. insensible B. insensitive C. insecure D. insignificant

3．前缀

il-/im-/in-/un-/dis- illegal, illogical, illiterate, impatient, immature, impair, incapable, informal, inadequate, injustice

non- non-stop, non-smoker, non-essential, non-violent, non-addictive

mal- malnutrition, maltreatment, misadministration, maladjusted

en-/be-/em- (构成动词) befriend, behead, belittle, embark, embody

de- 表示“向下、降低、否定”degrade, de-emphasize, decentralize

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anti- 表示“反、抗” anti-Japanese, anti-antibiotic, anti anticancer

arch- 表示“大的、头号的” archbishop, archenemy,

post- 表示“之后的、邮政的” postwar, post-liberation, postcode

pre- 表示“之前的、预先的” prewar, premarital, preview, prepaid

II．一词多义现象/近形近义词

, spring, move, suggest, insist, bear, saw, fine, book, principal & principle, conscience & conscious

III．词组搭配训练

常用成语动词和习惯用法

下面列出最常用的成语和习惯用法，请大家熟记。

1. A treasurer must account for the money he spends. 说明, 解释

2. The factory must aim at increasing production. 致力于，目的在于

3. Seven candidates applied for the position. 申请

4. I quite approve of the idea. 同意，赞成

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5. I will attend to it. 处理

6. I’ve got to back him up. 支持

7. It is up to the government to take action on violence. 该由采取行动来对付暴力。

8. This report bears out my theory. 证实

9. What has become of Jennie? 珍妮怎么了？

10. Most of them belong to the Han nationality. 属于

11. Beware of the pickpockets! 注意、小心

12. They charged him with theft. 指控

13. She majors in psychology. 主修

14. People packed into the subway car. 挤进、涌入

15. He passed away at eighty. 去世

16. Two women passed out. 昏倒

17. You had better own up. 坦白交代

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18. She had mixed him up with someone else. 混淆

19. Good will prevail over evil in the end. 战胜

20. He provided for his family by working in a mill. 养家

21. The old house was pulled down. 推倒

22. The actor put on a fine performance. 表演

23. They put off the picnic because of the rain. 推迟

24. Pick me up at the hotel.

25. Our flag stands for our country. 代表

26. You can’t stand by and allow such a thing. 袖手旁观

27. A soldier must stand up to danger. 敢于面对

28. She treated me to an ice-cream. 请客

29. She has really taken to that child. 喜欢

30. The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours. 7

拒绝

31. The examination turned out to be easy. 结果

32. Don’t bother to look for my umbrella; it will turn up some day. 出现，出来

33. He warned us of the danger. 警告

34. He touched on the theoretical physics in his speech. 谈到

35. Thank you for toughing up my poetry. 润色、修改

36. We will reckon with you later. 算账

37. Can I reckon on your support? 指望

38. I suppose I must put up with my loss. 忍受

39. I must rub up my French. 复习

40. I cannot rule out the possibility of trouble. 排除

break down 崩溃，中断，垮掉 bring round 扭转过来，苏醒过来

break in 破门而入 bring up 培养 ，提出

break off 解除

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break out 爆发

break up结束，破碎

call for 碰头，迎接，要求 I don’t care 无所谓

call in 邀请 call off 取消 call on 号召 call up 打电话

carry on 继续，坚持 carry on with 持续 新年

carry out 实施，执行 carry through 度过难关，艰难完成 run across/into 碰巧碰到 run after 追求

care about 关心

care for 喜欢，照顾

take care of 看管，照顾

ring back 回电话

ring in the new year 以钟声迎接 ring off 挂上电话

ring me up 给我打电话

put aside 放在一边，存下来

put down 写下，放下

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run away 走开，逃离 put forth leaves 长出新叶

run out 用完 put off 推迟

run out of petrol 吃完，耗尽 put on 穿衣，表演

pay back 报复，偿还 pay sb. 付钱给某人 pay for 为什么付款 pay up 还清钱款 see to it that 确保，肯定

take off 起飞，脱衣服 put on airs 摆架子

put away 收拾，清理

see about 处理，负责

see sb. off 送行

see you out 送你到门口

see over 参观

see through 度过难关

see to sth处理.

set out/set off 出发

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take to 喜欢 set up 建立

take up 从事，招聘 set in 来临

take in 收留，哄骗 set down 放下，写下

take sth. for granted 想当然 set about着手

take back my words 收回我的话

take him for my brother 把他当成哥哥

take on承担，呈现

as you wish 随你的便 a wish to do sth. 想做某事的愿望 with best wishes 祝好

wish for sth. 默默祈祷希望得到 give sb. my best wishes代我向某人问好

hope for sth. 希望得到某物 help sb out 帮某人摆脱困境

hope for the best 作最好的打算 help yourself to some food 随便吃点东西

be past/beyond hope 没有希望 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

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in the hope of doing sth. 希望做某事 help sb (to) do sth. 帮某人做事

in the hope that 希望，期待。。。 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮人

stand by 袖手旁观 draw one’s attention to sth 使人注意某事

stand by sb. 支持，照顾 draw to an end/ a close 即将结束

stand by sth. 遵守（诺言） draw a conclusion 得出结论

stand for sth. 代表，表示，主张 draw sth up 草拟，制定

stand up for sb/sth. 替。。。说话，支持，维护

stand up to sb.sth. 经受住，顶住，对抗

as regards (介词) 关于，至于 out of order

in/with regard to 关于 out of step

in this/that regard 关于这点/那点 out of shape

without regard to 不注意，不顾及 out of use

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out of date

go about sth. 开始，着手某事

go by 时间过去，流逝 beyond belief 不可相信

go by sth. 以。。。为根据，按照 beyond control 无法控制

go in for sth. 参加，从事 beyond doubt 毫无疑问

go on with sth. 继续 beyond description 难以描述

go on to do sth. 继续某事（有中断） beyond recognition 难以认出

go on doing sth. 继续做某事（无中断） beyond one’s means 经济上难以承受

go through sth 学习，审查，检查

go over 复习，温习

go camping/shoping/hiking/hunting/skating/boating

devote oneself to 致力于 have difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困难.

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have no reason to do 没有理由做某事 guard against 防止

on the ground that 因为，鉴于 cling to 紧紧抓住，依恋，坚持

owing to 由于 it is no use doing 做某事是徒劳的

make a mockery of 对。。。的嘲笑，践踏 threaten with 用某种方式或手段威胁 be content with 感到满足满意 long for 渴望 embark on 开始，着手 apply to 适用于 考虑到某因素

in contrast with 与。。。形成鲜明对照 separate sth from sth 使彼此隔开 定

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sacrifice sth for 为。。。牺牲

waste on 浪费（钱财或时间）

approve of 喜欢，满意，赞赏

be fit for 适合

come into being 产生，诞生

take sth into account/consideration feel at home 感到自在随意

be bound to do sth. 一定，必

drink to 为。。。祝酒 wear off 慢慢消失

excel at 突出，擅长于 in addition to 还有

according to 根据refer to 说起，提起 be conscious/aware of意识到，觉察到

in honor/memory/support/hope of 以纪念/支持/希望。。。

get/be under way 在进行中，在发生

assist sb. in/with sth. 给某人做助手

came into use 开始使用

have access to 有机会得到

search for 搜寻，寻求

come up with sth. 找到答案、方案

be centered on/upon 集中于

Vocabulary Revisited(词汇复习)

1.Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of

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the government’s ___ policies.

A. economical B. economic C. economy D. economics

2.Samuel is always ___ , never complaining about his poor health and other troubles.

A. careless B. joyful C. cheerful D. glad

3.He went ahead with unpopular changes, ___ to hostile criticism.

A. opposed B. indifferent C. sensible D. contrary

(完形填空题)…the statue was made by a French ___ named Federic Auguste Bartholdi. A. sculptor B. sculpture C. sculpt D. sculpts

(完形填空题)…some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not ___ when they die.

A. replaced B. reborn C. recovered D. yielded

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