大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Days We Should Keep in Mind. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.很多年轻人从不会忘记庆祝自己的生日，父母的生日却不知道2.这种现象说明了什么问题，原因是什么3.我们应该怎么做

正确答案： Many young people never forget their birthday. They held little parties and receive gifts to celebrate their birthday every year. However, when they are asked about their parents’ birthdays, most of them cannot answer right. There are several reasons which cause this phenomenon. On the one hand, nowadays parents focus very much on their children, but too little on themselves. Many parents celebrate their children’s birthdays when their kids are still very young, maybe only 3 or 4 years old. But parents seldom celebrate their own birthday, and maybe they don’t mention it at all. That’s why young people cannot remember parents’ birthdays. On the other hand, young people focus very much on themselves, but too little on their parents. Sometimes they just think that their parents are not interested in celebrating birthday. Is young people’s birthday more important than their parents’? I don’t think so. The days we should keep in mind are not our own birthday, but our parents’.

解析：根据本文的写作提纲，全文思路如下：第一段开门见山，点明现在社会存在的现象：很多年轻人从来不会忘记自己的生日，却连父母的生日是哪天都不知道。第二段解释这种现象产生的原因：一方面父母从小就帮孩子庆祝生日，却常常淡化自己的生日庆祝方式，甚至不庆祝；另一方面年轻人过于关注自己，对父母缺少关心。第三段表明自己的态度，指出我们应该怎么做。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：M: Hey. Have you ever heard of the Oscars?W: Well, I know them quite well. [1]The Oscars are given every year in the United States by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for excellence in the creation and production of motion pictures. First presented in 1929, the Oscars are among the film industry’s most desired prizes. M: That seems very interesting. I wonder whether you know the principal categories for the Oscars winners. W: They include Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Foreign Language Film, Best Special Effects, Best Sound, Best Musical score, etc. M: Oh, it seems quite inclusive. W: But not too many people can get one during their lifetime. And for most award categories, a maximum of five entrants are first nominated by the academy members who are in that particular field. That is, actors select actors; directors select directors and so on. [2]From among these nominees, all academy members select the winner by a secret ballot. The winners are publicly announced at a formal ceremony each spring. M: Yeah. That’s really competitive, but what will each winner get? A certain amount of bonus? W: No. Actually, [3]a gold plated bronze human figure created by the American sculptor George Stanley will be awarded to each winner. M: Oh, I see. Thank you for your explanation. How do you know all this? W: Well, [4]last semester I took a course in the history of film.1. What do we know about the Oscars?2. How do academy members select winners from the nominees?3.Who’s George Stanley?4. Why did the woman know so much about the Oscars?

2．

A．They are held twice a year.

B．They were first held in 1927.

C．They are given for excellence in films.

D．They are less desired than the Grammy Awards.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说奥斯卡奖由美国电影艺术和科学学院每年颁发一次，以表彰优秀的电影创作与制作。故C项正确。

3．

A．By an anonymous ballot.

B．By an open vote.

C．By rigid rules.

D．By their personal preference.

正确答案：A

解析：女士说获胜者由学院成员以不记名的方式从提名中选出，故选A。

4．

A．One of the academy members.

B．Creator of the Oscar statue.

C．An Oscar winner.

D．A nominee for the Oscar award.

正确答案：B

解析：女士说获奖者将获得由美国雕塑家George Stanley创作的小金人雕像，故可知George Stanley是奥斯卡雕像的创作人，选B。

5．

A．She had great interest in the history of the Oscars.

B．She searched the information from the Internet.

C．She took a course in the history of film.

D．She majored in motion pictures.

正确答案：C

解析：男士问女士为什么对奥斯卡了解得那么多，女士说学习了有关电影的历史方面的课程，故选C。

听力原文：M: Hi, Minnie, how are you doing?W: Pretty good. Thanks. [5]Have you helped me look at my graduate school application?M: Well, yeah. [5]Basically it’s good. What you might actually do is to take some of the different points here and split them into separate paragraphs, like your purpose for applying for graduate study, specialty, and why you want to specialize in this area, what you want to do with your degree when you get it. W: Ok, right. M: So you may expand on each point. Expand some more on what’s happened in your life and what shows your motivation and interest in this area—Geology. W: Ok, so make it a little more personal? M: Yeah. They look for that stuff. It’s critical that somebody sees what your passion is and your personal motivation for doing this. [6]You might give a little more explanation about your unique undergraduate background, like the music program. What you got from that and why you decided to change. [6] I mean it is kind of unusual to go from music to geology. Right? W: Yeah. I was afraid of that, you know, maybe the personal type stuff wouldn’t be what they want. But... M: You know, [7]I think probably your music background is the most unique thing that you get your records. W: Right. M: So you see, [7]you get to make yourself stand out from a couple of a hundred of applications. Does that help any? W: Yeah, it does. It gives me some good ideas. M: Also, [8]think about presentation. I mean the presentation formats, your grammar, and all that stuff they are looking at in your materials at the same time. W: Right. OK.5. What does the woman ask the man to do for her graduate school application?6. What is the woman’s major as an undergraduate student?7. What can make the woman stand out from other applications according to the man?8. What does the man remind the woman to do at last?

6．

A．Give suggestions for revision.

B．Write one for her.

C．Point out grammatical errors in it.

D．Cut some unnecessary materials.

正确答案：A

解析：女士问男士有没有帮忙看过研究生入学申请书，男士评价说还不错，接着给出一系列的建议。可推断女士是想男士读后给出修改的建议，所以选A。

7．

A．Law.

B．Music.

C．Geology.

D．Biology.

正确答案：B

解析：男士开头说女士申请的是地理学专业，因为由音乐专业转向地理不同寻常，所以男士建议女士要在她专业的特殊性方面予以说明。故可知女士大学本科时期学的是音乐专业，选B。

8．

A．Her well-prepared speech.

B．Her motivation and interest.

C．Her unique music background.

D．Her good explanations.

正确答案：C

解析：男士说他认为女士的音乐背景很可能是最独一无二的，接着又说这能让女士从几百个申请中脱颖而出。可见他认为女士独一无二的音乐背景会让自己胜出，故选C项。

9．

A．Look through her materials.

B．Make preparation for the interview.

C．Pay attention to the presentation.

D．Add something to make herself stand out.

正确答案：C

解析：末尾男士提醒女士要注意表达，包括格式、语法等内容，故选C。

Section B

听力原文： The problem of leisure is new. [9]Until very recent times people worked each day to the limit of their strength. Of course there were always a privileged few who had leisure; but most men had to work 12, 14, or even 16 hours a day, six days a week. As late as 1840 the average factory worker labored 72 hours a week. “Sunup to sundown” was the farmer’s day, or as another phrase puts it, “from can to can’t.” Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. [10]Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it. However short the work week becomes, work is still the most important part of life. We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisure brings us; rather, we use leisure wisely so that work itself can become awarding and enjoyable. [11]The feeling of success at doing one’s daily work—whether it is a job, maintaining a home, or going to school—depends largely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and active interest. Leisure and recreation go together, though they are not necessarily the same thing. “Recreation” has an obvious meaning. It is the kind of leisure activity that brings “re-creation” of strength and spirit. When one speaks of making good use of leisure, he means choosing recreational activities which contribute to health, growth, and spirit.9. What does the speaker say about the workers in the past?10. According to the speaker, what is the important problem for everyone nowadays?11. What does the feeling of success at doing one’s daily work depend on?

10．

A．They worked for long time and nearly had no leisure.

B．They usually had to work 8 hours each day.

C．They worked very hard but earned little.

D．They had to support a large family.

正确答案：A

解析：短文开篇就提到过去的人都是长时间工作，很少有休闲时光，A是对其的总结。

11．

A．How to deal with stress at work.

B．How to take care of the aged people.

C．How to use the leisure time wisely.

D．How to improve their living conditions.

正确答案：C

解析：原文提到“对每个人来说如何明智地利用空暇时间已成为一个重要的问题”。故选C。

12．

A．More money and less work.

B．Freedom and good relationship.

C．Respect and confidence.

D．Fresh energy and active interest.

正确答案：D

解析：原文提到对日常工作的一种成就感很大程度上取决于是否以全新的精力与积极的兴趣来面对它，故D项即为听力提到的内容。

听力原文： American Indians grew and smoked tobacco before Columbus came to America, The tobacco industry has been large and important for America’s economy ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export 300 years ago. Even today tobacco is grown in large quantities along America’s Eastern Coast. Since the 1800’s the most common form of smoking tobacco is in cigarettes. Men and women of all ages smoke cigarettes and there are dozens of brands sold in the U.S. Nearly all cigarettes now sold have filters. [12] Pipe smoking has some popularity and cigars are usually only smoked by older men. Over the past fifteen years, many people have stopped smoking. This movement away from cigarettes began when lung cancer and other ailments were linked to smoking. [13]In the 1970’s when taxes on cigarettes were greatly increased, cigarette smoking became much more expensive. Since the late 1970’s physical fitness has become a major aim of millions of Americans. These three factors have been the major causes for many people to stop smoking. Today in the U.S. cigarette smoking is restricted in many ways. [14]When smokers are in restaurants, on trains and in public buildings, they may smoke only in designated areas. When they are on public buses, in theaters and in classrooms, they may not smoke at all. Cigarettes are not advertised on television or radio. [15]A notice is on every package of cigarettes sold in America warning that smoking is dangerous to health. These regulations have reduced cigarette smoking very much since they were instituted. Smoking is on the decline.12. What does the speaker say about cigars?13. Why did cigarette smoking become much more expensive in the 1970s’?14. What should the smokers do if they want a cigarette on trains in the U.S.?15. What can we learn about the notice on every package of cigarettes?

13．

A．It dates back to more than 1800 years ago.

B．It is liked by men and women of all ages.

C．It usually gains favor among older men.

D．It has the same popularity as pipe smoking.

正确答案：C

解析：原文提到当时只是一些老人抽雪茄烟，C项的意思与此大体一致。

14．

A．The cost of growing tobacco increased.

B．Many people began to give up smoking.

C．The government banned smoking and cigarette.

D．The taxes on cigarettes increased greatly.

正确答案：D

解析：原文提到在20世纪70年代香烟贵了很多的原因是因为对香烟的税收大大增加了。故D正确。

15．

A．Go to the designated areas.

B．Ask for the conductor’s permission.

C．Share with other passengers.

D．Have something else instead of cigarettes.

正确答案：A

解析：原文提到吸烟者在餐馆、火车上和公共场所时，要到指定区域去抽烟。故选A。

16．

A．It shows the components of each cigarette.

B．It warns us that smoking is dangerous to health.

C．It tells people the side effects of smoking cigarettes.

D．It reminds people not to smoke in public places.

正确答案：B

解析：原文提到“在每包香烟上都有一个吸烟有害健康的警告”。故选B。

Section C

听力原文： Today we are talking about eBay, one of the enormously successful companies. It’s a household word in several countries; in 2005 it had a turnover of $4.55 billion and it employed 11,600 people—it’s achieved all of this in just 11 years. [16] What’s the secret of eBay’s success? I think the key issue here is that eBay couldn’t exist without the Internet. You know, there aren’t many examples of companies like this—take Amazon, for example. If you don’t feel like switching your computer on, you can always go round to the nearest bookshop. But if you want to sell your old magazines to somebody in Germany, eBay’s the only way to do it. [16] Without the net’s ability to bring buyers and sellers together from different locations there would be no eBay. So this is big point number one. Now, let’s move on to point two, the founders of eBay. [17]Meg Whitman, the CEO, like all of the senior staff, already had a successful business background, and she brought in an experienced management team. They had a great idea but it had to be a great profitable idea. Around this—the importance of profitability—they built their business model. Let’s move on to point three, sound business management. Did you hear of eBay during the dotcom boom years? Not a lot—they were busy building their customer base and making money, they didn’t feature in stories headlining the excesses of the dotcom boom years... Actually, I’ll add another point, point four. eBay doesn’t produce, sell or ship anything itself; it provides the online marketplace for other people to do this. This gives it enormous financial power. [18]Moreover. this means that they can use their capital very effectively—you know, their capital isn’t tied up in buildings, factories, warehouses, that sort of things. Again, their capital isn’t tied up in things that are waiting to be sold; they haven’t got shops all over the world with sales assistants in them. All this costs, you know. Of course, they’ve also had a couple of major problems when they are developing, anyway. [19]The first problem, they arrived in a couple of key markets too late. This happened in Japan and Hong Kong, where Yahoo’s online marketplace had a head start. The other problem—well, it’s the sort of thing we’ve all heard about—buyers receiving stolen goods, or a product different from the one they thought they’d bought, or no product at all, sellers putting in false bids to increase the price just before an auction finishes. eBay admits this happens, but says that this sort of thing accounts for a very small percentage of all sales. OK, now I’d like to have a look at just how the company has expanded over the last 11 years...16. What is the key factor that leads to eBay’s success?17. What do we learn about eBay’s CEO Meg Whitman?18. Why can eBay use their capital very effectively?19. What problem does eBay have in their development?

17．

A．The Internet that brings buyers and sellers together.

B．The founders with a successful business background.

C．The sound management that helps making money.

D．The enormous financial power derived from production.

正确答案：A

解析：在介绍完eBay这家公司的辉煌成绩之后，录音以问题的形式提出了探讨的重点“eBay成功的秘诀是什么?”其中，第一个关键原因是eBay依托互联网而存在。没有互联网把不同地方的买家和卖家集中起来，eBay这家公司是不会出现的。因此A项为正确答案。

18．

A．She likes all the senior staff in the company very much.

B．She has recently bought an experienced management team.

C．She had already been successful before founding eBay.

D．She was the first CEO to emphasize profitability in eBay.

正确答案：C

解析：录音提到，eBay成功的第二个秘诀是创始人。Meg Whitman是eBay的首席执行官，和所有的高层人员一样，她之前已经有成功的商业背景，而且她还引进了一支有丰富经验的管理队伍。由此可知，C项“她在创立eBay之前已经是成功人士”为正确答案。

19．

A．Because the online marketplace that it provides sells goods quickly.

B．Because they have sales assistants to deal with the capital effectively.

C．Because their capital is not used in buildings, factories, and warehouses.

D．Because they produce, sell and ship things in an extremely efficient way.

正确答案：C

解析：录音提到，eBay成功的第四个秘诀是因为它自己不生产、销售或者运输任何东西。eBay可以有效地使用他们的资金，因为他们的资金没有被房屋、工厂、仓库这类东西套牢。由此可见，C项“他们的资金没有用在房屋、工厂和仓库这些地方”是该内容的概述，为正确答案。

20．

A．They are too late to occupy some of the important markets.

B．The sellers have stolen goods and sold them through eBay.

C．The buyers have often put in false bids to increase the price.

D．They encounter the bottleneck after 11 years of development.

正确答案：A

解析：录音提到，eBay存在的第一个问题是他们开拓某些关键市场的时间太晚。这个情况曾经在日本和发生，雅虎领先一步占领了这两个地方的在线市场。因此，A项“他们太晚以至于无法占领一些重要的市场”符合这一内容，为正确答案。

听力原文： Every year, it costs British students more and more to attend university. Students are graduating with larger and larger debts. So is a university degree really worth it? In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. As a result, more than 80% of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan to pay for tuition fees, books and living expenses. [20]Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with debts of around ￡12,000. It means graduates cannot afford to buy a house for many years. They even struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan when they reach the April after graduating. If you start to earn over ￡15,000 a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. You might think that a British person with a degree will find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in “white-collar jobs” seem to have a degree these days, so there is a lot of competition. Also, [21]British companies tend to value work experience over a piece of paper. Like everyone else, graduates usually have to start at the bottom and work their way up. That can be very frustrating for them, since they are often over-qualified for the work they are doing. While at university, they had dreams of getting an exciting, challenging job. Therefore, life after university ends up being quite disappointing for a lot of graduates. All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money. Even before the credit crunch started, [22]the BBC stated, “The number of British students at UK universities has fallen for the first time in recent history, from 1.97 million in 2007 to 1.96 million last year in 2008”. It looks like the figures will continue to decline, since loan companies are now telling some students that there are no loans available for them. Forecasts are that between 2009 and 2019 there will be a fall of 6% in the number of 18-25 year-old university applicants across the UK.20. What do we learn about the interest on student loans?21. Why is it hard for a British person with a degree to get a well-paid job?22. What is the number of British students at UK universities in 2008 according to BBC?

21．

A．It is unaccepted by so many students.

B．It is taken directly from students’ salary.

C．It becomes low when the loan is received.

D．It begins right after the loan is received.

正确答案：D

解析：录音开头提到，英格兰和威尔士80％的学生会贷款上大学。虽然这些贷款的利率很低，但是从学生获得贷款开始，就会开始计算利息。因此D项“收到贷款之后就开始计算利息了”为正确答案。

22．

A．Because many jobs require both the degree and work experience.

B．Because the British companies emphasize more on work experience.

C．Because now graduates are always not willing to start at the bottom.

D．Because a university degree nowadays is no longer worth the tuition.

正确答案：B

解析：录音中间暗示现在一个有学位的英国人要找一份高薪的工作并不容易。其中一个原因是英国公司更看重工作经验，而不是一纸文凭。因此B项“因为英国公司更加强调工作经验”为该内容的概述，是正确答案。

23．

A．1.96 million.

B．19.6 million.

C．1.97 million.

D．19.7 million.

正确答案：A

解析：录音最后提到，根据BBC的描述，在英国上大学的学生人数在近代历史上第一次下降，从2007年的197万下降至去年(2008年)的196万。因此正确答案为A项。

听力原文： Now let’s take a look at some ways in which we can increase the levels of our own emotional intelligence. The first step is to label our own feelings rather than labeling situations or other people. We should say things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”. [23]Secondly, it is very important to know the difference between a thought and a feeling. In terms of language we express thoughts by saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if” but for feelings we say “I feel” and then a feeling word, an adjective-happy, angry, frustrated. Next, and this is a crucial point, we should take more responsibility for our feelings. Instead of saying “You are making me jealous”, we ought to say “I feel jealous”. Another important issue here is respect. We have to respect the feelings of others. We should ask ourselves questions like “How will this person feel if I do this?” And of course it isn’t enough to just respect the feelings of others. We have to show others that we care. We do this through empathy and understanding. And we should accept people’s feelings. They are just as valid as our own. [24] Finally, after getting used to understanding and analyzing our emotions, we should practise getting a positive value from them. Ask yourselves “How do I feel and what could help me feel better?” and don’t forget those around you—”How do you feel?” and “What would help you feel better?” To sum up I am going to leave you with two pieces of advice. Don’t criticize, advise, control or lecture others. Just listen with empathy and in a non-judgmental way. [25]And what about people who ignore your feelings? Easy—avoid them. And when it isn’t possible to avoid them altogether, try to spend less time with them and don’t let them get to you. Follow this advice and I am sure that you will soon increase your EQ level. You will feel happier and more positive and hopefully this will rub off on those around you.23. What is the difference between a thought and a feeling?24. What is the final step to increase our emotional intelligence?25. What should you do if you meet people who ignore your feelings?

24．

A．Feeling is expressed by using “I feel as if...”

B．Feeling is expressed by using “I feel it.”

C．Thought is expressed by using “I feel like...”

D．Thought is expressed by using “I feel + adj.”

正确答案：C

解析：录音的主题是如何提高EQ(情商)。根据录音内容，提高情商的第二步是要理解想法和感觉的区别。从言语上来说，我们用I feel like或者I feel as if这样的句子来表达想法。因此C项“想法是通过使用I feel like．．．来表达”是正确答案。

25．

A．Showing other people how much we care about them.

B．Respecting the feelings and emotions of other people.

C．Understanding and analyze our emotions thoroughly.

D．Practising getting a positive value from our emotions.

正确答案：D

解析：录音提到，提高情商的最后一步是，在我们习惯理解和分析自己的情绪之后，我们应该练习从这些情绪当中获得一种正面价值。因此D项“练习从我们的情绪中获取正面价值”为正确答案。

26．

A．Ask them why they ignore your feelings.

B．Listen to them in a non-judgmental way.

C．Criticize, advise, control or lecture them.

D．Try not to spend too much time with them.

正确答案：D

解析：录音最后提到一个问题：如果遇到忽视你感受的人应该怎么办?最简单的方法就是避开他们。有时没办法避开他们的话，则尽量减少和他们相处的时间，以及不要让他们影响你。因此D项“尝试不要花过多时间和他们相处”符合原文内容，为正确答案。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

The local education authority compiled a list of “potential security problems” on campus last week. They include fire accidents, traffic accidents, crime, bombing, stealing, social communication problems and【C1】______ . “Though the ‘ivory tower’ shuts out some dangers from the outside world, it is not a paradise【C2】______ to crimes and accidents. School-safety has been in focus,” said an official of the local Education Committee. In the first six months of this year, 25 students were victims of【C3】______ accidents or crimes and 10 students committed suicide. While numbers remain low, how can campuses be made safer places to live in? Making safety education compulsory is the governments’ answer. University students will soon receive compulsory classes. In the lessons, they will learn how to protect themselves by looking at real【C4】______ on campus. For example, girls will learn when and where sexual harassment (骚扰) is most【C5】______ to happen. They will also get【C6】______ on how to protect themselves, like not wearing mini skirts in crowded public places. Students should not only be aware of the dangers from the outside, but also those self-inflicted. Even though it【C7】______ last in the list, it doesn’t mean suicide is the least serious. The newspaper【C8】______ a growing number of suicide attempts on September 15. Between May and July, three university students killed themselves by jumping from buildings. One girl left a note saying that she was “sick of life and【C9】______ .” In the safety course, students are given tips on how to cope with pressure. They are also encouraged to go to the school psychologists if they feel depressed. They will learn what to do if their classmates behave【C10】______ because of depression.A) comes E) normally I) tips M) fatalB) immune F) abnormally J) headlines N) escalatesC) perpetual G) reflected K) likely 0) suicidesD) depressed H) reported L) cases

27． 【C1】

正确答案：O

解析：此处需要与accidents，crime，bombing，stealing，problems并列的名词，且都表消极意义，所以答案是suicides“自杀”。此外，根据第3段段末的committed suicide也可进一步确认。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：B

解析：此处需要形容词或动词的过去分词，与to crimes and accidents一起作paradise的后置定语。从上下文语义的逻辑性看，动词过去分词都不合适，那么空白处应该是形容词。immune“免疫的”可与介词to连用，immune to crimes and accidents意为“不受犯罪和事故的影响”。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：M

解析：此处需要形容词作定语，修饰accidents。根据上下文的victims，accidents or crimes，suicide等词。可知此处是表示消极意义的形容词。词库中符合条件的有fatal“致命的”和depressed“消沉的”。从与accidents搭配的逻辑性来看，fatal比较合适，指这25个学生是致命事故或犯罪的受害者。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：L

解析：此处需要名词作looking at的宾语。根据下文for example后提到的避免性骚扰的事例，可知cases比较合适。real cases on campus意为“校园的真实案例”。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：K

解析：空格前的most表明此处需要形容词，且后面可跟不定式to do sth．。从上下文语义的逻辑性看，likely“很可能的”正确，即most likely to happen“最可能发生”。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：I

解析：此处需要名词作get的宾语。根据后文on how to protect themselves“关于如何保护自己”，可知正确答案为tips“提示，技巧”。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：A

解析：此处需填入even though让步状语从句的谓语动词。后一分句doesn’t mean使用了一般现在时，而空格前的从句主语为it，由此可知该谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。comes last in the list意为“在列表中排在最后”，故comes正确。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：H

解析：此处需要谓语动词，由后一句中的killed可知该动词也要用过去式。句子的主语是newspaper“报纸”，宾语为a growing number of suicide attempts“日益上升的自杀企图”，由此可以推断谓语动词为reported“报道”。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：D

解析：此处需要形容词或分词，和sick of life“厌倦生活”并列作表语，且也表示消极意义。depressed“消沉的”符合要求。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：F

解析：此处需要副词作状语，修饰从句谓语动词behave“表现”。根据下文的because of depression“因为意志消沉”可知这个副词应该是消极意义的，所以答案应该是abnormally“反常的”。

Section B

Nurse Home Visits: A Boost for Low-Income Parents[A] Nurse home visitor Tammy Ballard has had some memorable experiences in close to a decade of helping new mothers raising their children in poverty in Dayton, Ohio. Once, she arrived at a new client’s home to find a TV news crew waiting outside; apparently, someone fleeing gunfire had sought shelter there. Another time, she knocked on a door only to hear screaming in response, but no one would let her in. Later she learned it was the family’s parrots, which had -been trained to shout at visitors.[B] Ballard’s job—when she can get in the house—is to try to give low-income parents a leg up. She teaches them many of the same child-rearing techniques that give the children of middle-class and educated parents an edge socially and in school—and that instruction is often eye-opening for both Ballard and her clients. You would be surprised to know what new parents don’t know, Ballard says, recalling the case of one father who thought babies couldn’t hear at birth. “He asked, ‘When do their eyes open?’ He thought they were like puppies,” she says.[C] There’s no doubt that low-income parents—indeed, most new parents—could use a little guidance. In some countries, like France, that guidance is institutionalized. Nurse home visits for all pregnant and new mothers are routine and free of charge, sponsored by the government. In the U.S. the national Nurse-Family Partnership program (NFP) covers about 16,300 families living in poverty in 25 states, but President Obama has said he plans to expand the benefit, extending it to every first-time poor mother in the country—about 570,000 women each year. The President’s stimulus plan includes more than $3 billion in funding for early-childhood-intervention programs such as Head Start and Early Head Start.[D] The question is, will the money make a real difference in children’s lives? In a recent article in The New York Times, Douglas Besharov of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute and a colleague argued that expanding pre-kindergarten programs “without demanding reforms will not help children.” Other critics have also stated that funding early-childhood initiatives is just a consolation to liberal interest groups.[E] But the science supporting warm and fuzzy early-childhood interventions is sound and is only getting stronger. “There’s converging evidence from neuroscience (神经学), social science and animal data,” says Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania. “If you want to invest societal resources where they will have the biggest benefit for all of us, clearly the evidence is there now that protecting children from the worst kinds of deprivation in their youngest years will result in more functional, capable, prosocial citizens.”[F] The NFP was developed in the 1970s by David Olds, a professor of pediatrics (小儿科) and preventive medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. NFP involves about home visits from a nurse during the first 2.5 years of a child’s life. Many of the new mothers who receive the benefit are single, are on welfare, have low education levels and are dealing with addiction, mental illness and family violence. Nurses visit once a week during pregnancy and early infancy, answering health questions, teaching basic parenting skills and, crucially, helping moms whose own early lives were often characterized by chaos build confidence that they can do better for their children.[G] These visits have a pretty good payoff. A recent analysis by the Rand Corp. found that for every dollar spent providing nurse visitors to high-risk families, the government could save nearly $6 in welfare, juvenile-justice and health-care costs down the line. Dividends for the families’ well-being may be even higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.) a few years ago found that children in the north of New York whose mothers were visited by nurses during pregnancy and two years after birth were 59% less likely to have been arrested 15 years later, compared with a control group.[H] Another study, also in J.A.M.A., found that nurse home visits were associated with a nearly 50% drop in rates of child abuse or neglect in new families and that visits increased the amount of time between a mother’s first and second pregnancies. Rates of hypertension (高血压), which is known to interfere with fetal brain development, were also reduced. And mothers spent less time on welfare and worked more.[I] There’s really no mystery to the program’s success, says Olds. Simple interventions, like encouraging new parents to show affection to their children or to talk to them more, result in huge rewards for babies. In poor families, adults tend to speak to babies only to issue commands, in a business-only style of parenting rather than talking to children to communicate affection, identify objects, introduce concepts or teach language—a phenomenon more common in middle-class and wealthy households. Studies have shown that by pre-school age, children whose parents gesture or talk to them less in babyhood know significantly fewer vocabulary words than children whose parents engage them more often. That deficit can affect students’ performance for years.[J] What happens early has a long-term impact, says Olds. Indeed, about 90% of a child’s brain growth takes place before kindergarten, so it’s critical to teach new parents what to expect as a child develops not only during pregnancy and early childhood but also as the child matures. A large part of nurse home visits are designed to teach parents how to respond to their children as they age and help them manage the extra burden of parenting with few resources. Says Olds: “Learning to understand children’s motivations and abilities helps parents treat them more sensitively and responsively, and that makes it easier for children to accept guidance and not respond provocatively.”[K] It also creates a less stressful environment and protects against child abuse and neglect, and those reductions can in turn cut children’s risks of later engaging in crime and suffering from addiction, mental illness, obesity and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. The key, according to Olds’ research, begins with properly trained nurses; home visits by paraprofessionals (专业人员的助手) aren’t as effective. Despite the current shortage of nurses in the U.S., Olds says his program is ready to grow. “The NFP is ready for substantial expansion, as long as we recognize that serving 500,000 new families per year will take time.” But it’s an investment that self-propagates. Once the nurses have educated new moms, says Ballard, the mothers start educating one another. “It’s so neat to watch,” she says. “We give information to our clients, and they share with neighbors. One client was the go-to person for everything. She’d say, ‘Talking to your babies makes them smart.’ And the other moms would always come to her.”

37． Encouraging parents to express affection does good to babies.

正确答案：I

解析：根据Encouraging和parents to express affection定位到I段。原文说，简单的干预，像鼓励初为父母的人向孩子表达情感，或者与孩子多说话，会使婴儿得到巨大的益处。本题句子的does good to对应原文的result in huge rewards for。

38． It is best to invest societal resources into home visit programs.

正确答案：E

解析：根据invest societal resources定位到E段。原文说，如果想将社会资源投入到使我们受益最大的地方，很明显就是这里(即本文反复提及的护士家访)，因为保护孩子幼年不受各种被剥夺、被迫丧失的侵害。就会培养出更加有用、能干、融人社会的公民。本题句子简要概括了原文的意思。

39． In some countries, nurse home visit programs are funded by government.

正确答案：C

解析：根据nurse home visit和funded by government定位到C段。原文说，在一些国家，如法国，指导已经制度化了。护士对所有孕妇和产妇家访都是常规和免费的，由资助。本题句子的funded对应原文；的sponsored。

40． Nurse home visit is eye-opening because of clients’ poor childcare knowledge.

正确答案：B

解析：根据eye—opening定位到B段。家访既让客户大开眼界，也让Ballard自己大开眼界。刚做父母的年轻人在抚养孩子方面的无知使Ballard惊讶。本题句子的clients’poor childcare knowledge对应原文的what new parents don’t know。

41． A nurse home visitor found that her clients raise parrots to scare away visitors.

正确答案：A

解析：根据nurse home visitor和parrots定位到A段。该段倒数第2句说“她敲门的时候只听到尖叫声，没有人开门”，下一句说“那是这家的鹦鹉，被训练成专门对来访者大吼大叫”。可见，这家主人养鹦鹉是为了吓走来访者。本题句子与原文意思一致。

42． Some people claim that pre-kindergarten programs won’t help unless a demanding reform is carried out.

正确答案：D

解析：根据pre—kindergarten programs和demanding reform定位到D段。Douglas Besharov认为学前教育的计划要想真正对孩子有益，必须要有有效的改革。本题句子是对原文的同义转述。

43． According to a study, children are less likely to commit crimes if their mothers have received visits by nurses in early years.

正确答案：G

解析：根据less likely to和visits by nurses定位到G段。根据J．A．M．A几年前的一项研究，在纽约北部，母亲在怀孕时期和产后两年内得到家访的，那些孩子15年以后被逮捕的可能性就减少59％。也就是说，那些孩子犯罪可能性更低。本题句子是对原文的同义转述。

44． Compared with middle-class ones, parents of poor families are likely to speak to babies only to issue commands.

正确答案：I

解析：根据poor families、speak to babies和only to issue commands定位到I段。在贫穷的家庭，大人跟孩子说话往往只是为了发出指令，是一种公事公办式的养育风格，而不是与孩子交谈来表达情感。本题句子与原文意思一致。原文中的rather than…a phenomenon more common in middle—class…对应本题的Compared with middle-class ones。

45． To make it easier for children to accept guidance, it is important for parents to understand their children’s motivations and abilities.

正确答案：J

解析：根据make it easier for children to accept guidance、understand和children’s motivations and abilities定位到J段。原文说，学会理解孩子的动机和能力，有助于家长更加慎重和相应地对待孩子，使孩子更容易接受教导而不会做出叛逆反应。本题句子与原文意思一致。

46． According to a research, an effective home visit attributes to properly trained nurses.

正确答案：K

解析：根据research、effective和properly trained nurses定位到K段。原文说，根据Olds的研究，秘诀是从训练有素的护士开始的，专业人员的助手进行的家访没有(训练有素的护士进行的家访)这么有效。本题句子与原文意思一致。

Section C

It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a consolation drink. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it’s the latter: compared with people who are straight-up laid off, those who keep their job but are under a constant threat of losing it suffer a greater decline in mental well-being. Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their job display similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. But whereas a newly jobless person’s mental health may “bottom out” after about six months, and then even begin to improve, the mental state of people who are perpetually worried about losing their job “just continues to deteriorate, getting worse and worse,” Burchell says. Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but hard-to-discern threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for results than knowing the diagnosis-even if the result is cancer. It’s better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than suffer in anxiety. When the uncertainty is prolonged, people stay in a sustained “fight or flight” response, which leads to damaging stress. But not every employee in insecure industries has such a gloomy view, Burchell says. Entrepreneurs seem to thrive. In general, women fare better too. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains, “For women, most studies show that any job—it doesn’t matter whether it is secure or insecure—gives psychological improvement over unemployment.” Burchell hypothesizes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man’s self-worth depends on his job. So what advice can Burchell offer to those lucky millions across the globe who are still employed but are worried about losing their job? After searching thoroughly through the surveys in search of the key to an even mental keel, Burchell came up with, “Nothing. Certainly some individuals cope better, but we don’t know why. It seems there are just certain things about job insecurity that can’t be overcome.”

47． What can we learn from the conference at the University of Cambridge?

A．The employed are often under a threat of losing their job.

B．The jobless and the still employed should help each other.

C．It’s unnecessary to comfort the straight-up laid-off workers.

D．Employees who feel insecure in their job need consolation.

正确答案：D

解析：由the conference at the University of Cambridge可以定位到第1段第3旬。该句是对第2句提出的问题的回答，句中的the latter指的就是the still employed。可见仍然在职的一方更值得同情。由此可见，本题应选D“工作中没有安全感的员工需要安慰”。

48． The phrase “bottom out” (Line 4, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “_____”.

A．stop declining

B．return to normal

C．continue to worsen

D．have a subtle change

正确答案：A

解析：在该句中，按照bottom out和begin to improve的顺序可以推断bottom out应该是指“达至最低谷，停止恶化”的意思，该句表明失业的人在大概6个月后，精神状态就不会再变糟，有的甚至在这个时候会开始好转。由此可见，最能表达失业的人的精神状态变化顺序的是A。

49． What is most likely to make a person stay in a “fight or flight” response?

A．When he feels damaging stress.

B．When he discerns immediate threat.

C．When he gets an incurable disease.

D．When he remains in a state of insecurity.

正确答案：D

解析：“fight of flight”出现在第3段旬末，该句开头由When引导的时间状语从句表明，当一个人对事情不能确定的时候，就会处于“战或逃”反应当中。在原文中，insecurity，anxiety和该句中的uncertainty为近义词，都可以表示一个人处于对事情不能肯定的状态，因此D正确。

50． The fact that women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12 shows that _____.

A．they feel more stress about an insecure job than men do

B．they feel less stress about an insecure job than men do

C．they are at higher levels of anxiety than men do

D．they are at lower levels of anxiety than men do

正确答案：B

解析：第4段第4句和第5句都是为了说明该段第3句的观点：women fare better(女性表现得更好)。由此可见，该段第4句提到女性在压力测试中得分较低，这说明她们和男士不同，她们工作不稳定时，不会产生如男士那么多的受压感。选B。

51． It is _____ that men take their job as a way to realize their self-worth.

A．a general belief

B．the author’s assumption

C．Burchell’s speculation

D．a finding in Burchell’s surveys

正确答案：C

解析：题干提到的关于self-worth的内容与第4段最后一句句末的内容最为相近，而该句开头的hypothesize表明该句接下来的内容(包括关于self-worth)都是Burchell的hypothesis(猜想)，C中的speculation也是“猜想，假设”的意思。因此，本题应选C。

A pioneering headteacher is calling for all secondary schools to follow his lead and start classes at 11 am, allowing teenagers two hours extra in bed. Dr. Paul Kelley, head of Monkseaton Community High School in North Tyneside, said it would mean the end of “teenage zombies” dozing off in lessons before lunch, after experiments showed teenagers could have different body clocks from adults and younger children. Russell Foster, an Oxford professor of neuroscience, tested the memory of 200 Monkseaton pupils at 9 am and 2 pm using pairs of words, and discovered a 9% improvement in the afternoon. Students correctly identified 51% of word pairs in the later session, compared with 42% in the morning. Tayler McCullough, 15, one of the test subjects, said the majority of students would welcome the extra hours in bed. “I’m extremely hard to get up in the morning. One or two people like to get to school early, but most of us would be up for going in later. I’m sure it would make a big difference to our learning ability.” Kelley believes firmly a change of school timetable will have a significant impact on exam performance. He said: “Teenagers aren’t lazy. We’re depriving them of the sleep they need through purely biological factors beyond their control. This has a negative impact on their learning, and possibly on their mental and physical health. We’ve just learnt of this, but it is vital that we act on it.” “The research carried out by Professor Foster showed that, from the age of 10, our Internal body clocks shift, so it’s good for young people to stay in bed. The “time shift” is two hours on average, so teenagers should get up two hours later. We are making teenagers irritable by making them get up early.” He wants his school’s governors to approve his plan and put the new timetable in place before the opening of Monkseaton’s new &20m school building, the most technologically advanced in the country, in September. Kelley has a history of groundbreaking teaching methods. In January, he carried out a trial at Monkseaton High that found pupils scored up to 90% in a GCSE science paper after one session involving three 20-minute bursts put in between with 10-minute breaks for physical activity. The 48 year-nine pupils had not covered any part of the GCSE science syllabus before the lessons. In 1998, Kelley established a scheme with the Open University bridging the divide between school and university by allowing sixth formers to study undergraduate modules alongside their A-levels. Kelley hopes his latest idea will be just as successful. “We have to be sensible and practical. But this proves that, by starting later, children’s learning improves, as does their health.”

52． “Teenage zombies” are inactive in class before lunch most probably because _____.

A．they need more sleep than adults and little kids

B．they are dismissed from class too late

C．they are too hungry to focus on class

D．they begin their classes too early

正确答案：D

解析：第1段第1句提到Dr．Paul Kelley建议将中学的上课时间推迟到早上11点，这样就可以杜绝第2句提到“teenage zombies”在课堂上打瞌睡的情况。由此可推断，“teenage zombies”在课堂上不活跃是因为早上的上课时间太早而导致睡眠不足，因此本题应选D。

53． By saying that “most of us would be up for going in later”, Tayler McCullough means that most students _____.

A．have to get up early to prepare for school

B．would consider the headteacher’s idea carefully

C．are in favor of postponing classes by two hours

D．go to bed late but get up early every day

正确答案：C

解析：该句中的but表明其前后两个分句的意思是相反的，可以推断most of us would be up for going in later应该理解为大多数学生不愿意早起去上学，他们更希望学校推迟上课的时间。因此，本题应选C。

54． What does Kelley most probably suggest about biological clock?

A．Our biological clocks are controllable before ten years old.

B．Teenagers should learn to control their biological clocks.

C．Sleeping time should vary with the biological clocks.

D．Teenagers’ biological clocks are easily out of control.

正确答案：C

解析：从本文第一段开始，我们就知道Kelley认为中学生应该推迟上课时间，因为他们的生物钟与小孩或成人都不同，第3段中间部分通过Professor Foster的研究再次强调这一个观点：生物钟发生变化，睡眠时间就应相应变化，C表达了相同的观点，故为本题答案。

55． In January, Kelley chose pupils who _____to take part in his trial.

A．scored up to 90% in a GCSE science paper

B．had no idea of the GCSE science syllabus

C．were nine years of age

D．liked physical activities

正确答案：B

解析：原文这两句介绍了Kelley在1月份做的试验，根据第3句可知，48名参加试验的学生在试验前未接触过任何GCSE科学课程提纲(had not covered any part of the GCSE science syllabus before the lessons)，这意味着这些学生在试验前对GCSE科学课程提纲一无所知，可见B的说法是正确的。

56． The author is most likely to think that Kelley’s call for starting classes at 11 a.m. is _____.

A．groundbreaking

B．impractical

C．successful

D．sensible

正确答案：A

解析：最后一段第1句中的has a history of表明作者认为Kelley一贯以来的教学方法都是groundbreaking(具有开创性)的，这暗示作者认为Kelley这次呼吁将上课时间推迟两小时也是一种开创性的做法。此外，文章第1段第1句用到的pioneering也是“开创性的”的意思。因此，本题应选A。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 春运(Chunyun)是指中国春节前后一段时期里出现的一种高负荷交通运输，一般从春节前15天开始，持续约40天。对大多数中国人来说，在春节期间与家人团聚是一个悠久的传统。人们从工作、读书的地方回到家里，在除夕夜与家人一起吃团圆饭。春运期间的客流量(passenger flow)在近10年来每年都已超过中国的总人口。春运被称为每年世界上最大的人类迁徙活动。在这期间，铁路运输往往经历最大的考验。

正确答案： Chunyun refers to the extremely high traffic load in China around the time of the Spring Festival. It usually begins 15 days before the Lunar New Year’s Day and lasts for around 40 days. It is a long-held tradition for most Chinese people to reunite with their families during Chinese New Year. People return home from work or study to have Reunion dinner with their families on New Year’s Eve. The passenger flow during the Chunyun period has exceeded the population of China each year for the recent decade. Chunyun has been called the largest annual human migration in the world. Rail transport experiences the biggest challenge during the period.

解析：1．“……是指……”通常用refer to来表达，不用mean。mean通常是指字面上的含义。“春节前后的一段时间”即在春节左右，译成around the time of the Spring Festival．2．“对……来说，……是一个悠久的传统。”这句话刚好符合it作形式主语的用法：It+is／was+a．／n．+to do sth．。在这里，it代替的是句子的逻辑主语“与家人团聚(to reunite with their families)”。3．“从工作、读书的地方”不必译成from the place they work or study，直接说from work or study，更简单明了。4．“……在近10年来每年都已超过……”注意这里要用完成时态，而且这一状态在现在还在持续，所以必须用现在完成时；“铁路运输往往经历……”，在这里“往往”说明这是一种习惯状态，所以用一般现在时。